Eleanor Finch
Cheating is a broad term that can refer to various contexts, such as academic cheating or infidelity in relationships. In academia, cheating involves the unauthorized use of information, materials, devices, or sources to gain an unfair advantage during evaluations. This includes copying answers, using cheat sheets, plagiarism, unauthorized collaboration, and submitting work completed by others. Relationship cheating, on the other hand, encompasses physical infidelity, emotional cheating, micro-cheating, financial infidelity, and virtual infidelity, each with its nuances and varying interpretations. The definition of cheating is subjective and may differ depending on individual perspectives and the specific context in which it occurs.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Using unauthorized materials | Having access to notes, textbooks, or electronic devices that are not allowed during tests or quizzes |
| Plagiarism | Copying text from books, websites, or other students' assignments and presenting it as one's own work |
| Collaboration without permission | Working with other students on assignments when it goes against the teacher's guidelines |
| Buying or commissioning work | Arranging for someone else to do the work or purchasing essays or assignments online |
| Submitting previous work | Reusing a paper or project submitted in another class without prior instructor approval |
| Micro-cheating | Repeated minor and subtle actions that lead to the development of intimate connections outside of a relationship |
| Physical cheating | Having sexual relations with another person |
| Emotional cheating | Forming a close emotional or romantic bond with someone other than one's partner |
| Virtual cheating | Cheating via online services or social media profiles |
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What You'll Learn
Using unauthorised materials
Unauthorised materials also extend beyond the exam room. Students must not use any materials or resources that the faculty has notified are prohibited. This includes using someone else's work without their consent or proper attribution, as well as submitting the same or similar work for multiple academic requirements without authorisation.
In the context of training for certifications, unauthorised materials refer to exam content that has been fraudulently obtained. This can include memorising unauthorised content or using sites or providers that guarantee exam passes by offering exam answers or content. Students are advised to be cautious and report any suspected exam fraud.
The use of unauthorised materials can have serious academic consequences and may result in disciplinary action. It is essential for students to understand and follow the student honour code to maintain academic integrity. While the definition of cheating may vary slightly across institutions, the use of unauthorised materials is generally considered a form of academic dishonesty.
Some students may unintentionally use unauthorised materials, such as borrowing an annotated dictionary or using an unfamiliar eraser with hidden notes. In such cases, it can be challenging to prove innocence, and the consequences may still apply despite a student's lack of knowledge or intent. To avoid any misunderstandings, students should only use their own equipment and resources during exams.
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Plagiarism
In the context of exams, plagiarism can occur when students reproduce material they have memorized without attribution. This is more common in students who are used to rote learning and may not realize that reciting memorized text without proper citation is considered plagiarism. The pressure of exam conditions, where students may feel rushed or stressed, can also contribute to accidental plagiarism as students may inadvertently incorporate notes or ideas without proper citation.
However, intentional plagiarism in exams is also possible. For example, students may copy answers from another student or use unauthorized notes, textbooks, or electronic devices to cheat. Some students may even go as far as to submit work completed by someone else as their own. These actions are considered serious academic offenses and can result in disciplinary action, as outlined in student honor codes and academic policies.
To avoid plagiarism, students should be clear about the rules and guidelines regarding academic integrity. Understanding what constitutes plagiarism and the consequences of academic dishonesty is essential. Additionally, proper time management and study skills can reduce the temptation to cheat or engage in unauthorized practices during exams.
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Collaboration without permission
When students work together without permission, it becomes challenging to determine each student's level of understanding and mastery of the material. This form of unauthorized collaboration can take various forms, such as sharing answers, completing assignments together, or dividing parts of an individual assignment and then assembling and submitting the work as their own.
For example, in a computer science class, students may be allowed to discuss the best approaches to solving a coding problem. However, each student is expected to write their own code. If a student struggles and asks a classmate for help, and the classmate rewrites part of the code, it becomes collaboration without permission if the student submits the code as their own without disclosing the assistance received.
Another example is when students work together on a take-home exam or quiz. If they divide the questions among themselves and then submit their work individually, it is considered cheating, as they have collaborated without the instructor's permission and failed to produce their own solutions.
To avoid any confusion, students should seek clarification from their instructors about the extent of permitted collaboration. While collaboration can be beneficial and encouraged in certain contexts, such as group projects or in-class activities, it is essential to understand when it crosses the line into cheating. This distinction can be fuzzy, and peer pressure can also influence students' decisions. However, by seeking clarification and adhering to the guidelines set by instructors, students can maintain academic integrity and avoid the serious consequences of academic dishonesty.
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Buying or commissioning work
Arranging for someone else to complete your work or purchasing essays or assignments is widely considered cheating. This behaviour is often referred to as 'buying or commissioning work'. It is a form of academic dishonesty and is prohibited by most educational institutions.
Educational institutions typically have strict policies regarding academic integrity, with many honour codes explicitly stating that buying or commissioning work is a violation. These policies emphasise the importance of submitting original work and properly citing sources to avoid plagiarism. Disciplinary actions and academic consequences can be enforced for students who engage in such practices.
To maintain academic integrity, it is essential for students to understand the boundaries of what constitutes cheating. This includes recognising that buying or commissioning work is not a valid or ethical solution to manage their academic workload. Instead, students should seek appropriate support and resources to help them complete their work honestly and with integrity.
Instructors and professors also play a role in preventing academic dishonesty. They can achieve this by creating clear and explicit guidelines regarding what constitutes cheating, as well as regularly updating assessment materials to reduce the likelihood of students accessing old exams or assignments that can be used dishonestly.
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Submitting previous work
Self-plagiarism occurs when a student reuses their work, either entirely or partially, for more than one assessment without permission or proper disclosure. For example, submitting a report that was graded in a first-year class as part of the work in a third-year class. Students are expected to submit work that is original to the current class they are enrolled in and that reflects the current material they are learning.
In some programs, student work builds on previous work. If a student wishes to build on their previous work, they must first ask the instructor for permission. Students should also be aware of proper citation methods, as this is crucial to maintaining academic integrity. When conducting research for an assignment, it is important to keep a record of the source for each piece of information gathered. This ensures that the student can properly cite the source in their paper.
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Frequently asked questions
This is a grey area. If the professor has not explicitly stated that exams should not be shared, it is not technically cheating. However, if the student handbook states that receiving material from previous students is academic dishonesty, then it is considered cheating.
Yes, working with other students on assignments without permission from the instructor is considered cheating. This includes sharing answers or completing assignments together when it is not allowed.
Yes, copying answers from another student during an exam is considered cheating. This is a form of unauthorized collaboration and violates the student honor code.
Yes, buying or commissioning work, such as essays or assignments, online is considered cheating. This violates the student honor code and can lead to serious academic consequences.
