Jonah Patel
The Turabian citation style is a student-friendly version of the Chicago Manual of Style, and it is used for citing books, articles, theses, and other academic papers. When citing the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, also known as Lumen Gentium, from the Second Vatican Council, the following format can be used: Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen gentium, 21 November 1964, in Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, edited by [name of editor], [publisher, year], [page numbers]. The first footnote should include the full citation, while subsequent footnotes can be abbreviated. When citing papal documents, the first footnote should include the author, type of document, title in English and Latin, and date of promulgation.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Style | Turabian, which is considered the student version of The Chicago Manual of Style |
| First footnote | Second Vatican Council, "Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen gentium, 21 November, 1964," in Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, ed. Austin Flannery (Collegeville, MN): Liturgical Press, 1975, sec. 14 (hereafter cited as LG) |
| Subsequent footnotes | LG, sec. 16 |
| Bibliography | Second Vatican Council. "Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen gentium, 21 November, 1964." In Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, edited by Austin Flannery, 350-426. Liturgical Press, 1975 |
| Paragraphs | Use paragraph numbers when citing either the print or online version, not page numbers or section numbers |
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What You'll Learn
Citing in footnotes
The Turabian citation style is considered the student version of The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS). When citing in footnotes, the format is the same as CMOS, which is aimed at professional scholars and publishers.
For a document from the Second Vatican Council, the first footnote should look like this:
Second Vatican Council, "Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen gentium, 21 November, 1964," in Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, ed. Austin Flannery (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1975), sec. 14 (hereafter cited as LG).
Subsequent footnotes can be abbreviated and should look like this:
LG, sec. 16.
If you are citing a Catholic primary source in English, be sure to use paragraph or section numbers. The section symbol, §, can be accessed in Microsoft Word by going to Insert > Symbol > More Symbols > Special Characters. If your keyboard has a number pad, you can also press Alt 21 to get the § symbol.
When citing papal documents, your first footnote should follow this basic template: author, comma, type of document (e.g. encyclical), title of document in English, title of document in Latin (italicized), date of promulgation (in parentheses), comma.
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Citing in bibliography
The Turabian citation style is considered the student version of The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS). It is aimed at providing guidance for students writing papers, theses, and dissertations. The Turabian Quick Guide provides citation samples for commonly used sources, including books, articles, theses, and websites.
When citing the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, the Second Vatican Council should be identified as the author, followed by the title of the constitution, "Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen gentium," and the date it was promulgated, "21 November 1964." The editor of the source and publication information should also be included. Here is an example of how to cite it in a bibliography:
> Second Vatican Council. "Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen gentium, 21 November 1964." In Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, edited by Austin Flannery, 350-426. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1975.
When citing papal documents in Turabian style, the first footnote should include the author, type of document (e.g., encyclical, apostolic exhortation), title of the document in English, title of the document in Latin (in italics), date of promulgation (in parentheses), and publication information. Here is an example of how to cite a papal document in a footnote:
> Pope Benedict XVI. "Deus Caritas Est - Encyclical Letter, Benedict XVI." Vatican: the Holy See. Vatican Website. Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2005. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
It is important to maintain consistency in the way you cite papal authors. For example, some sources use "Pope Benedict XVI" while others use "Benedict XVI." Choose one style and use it consistently throughout your work.
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Citing in-text
The Turabian style is considered the student version of The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS). It is aimed at providing guidance for students writing papers, theses, and dissertations. The citation format is the same as CMOS, which is written for professional scholars and publishers.
When citing in-text, the first footnote should follow this basic template: author, type of document (e.g. encyclical, apostolic exhortation, etc.), title of the document in English, title of the document in Latin (italicized), date of promulgation (in parentheses), and publisher.
For example, the first footnote for Pope Benedict XVI's encyclical letter "Deus Caritas Est" would look like this:
> Benedict XVI, encyclical letter, Deus Caritas Est, *Deus Caritas Est*, 25 Dec. 2005, Vatican: the Holy See.
If you have a Pope as an author, list the Pope's name under "First Name" on the template. You can also list the Catholic Church as the author, or "Catholic Church, & [Pope Name]."
To cite a specific paragraph in a document, put in the Latin name of the document and paragraph number. For example, to cite the first paragraph in the section "Eternal Newness" in Pope Francis' Apostolic Exhortation, Evangelii Gaudium, the in-text citation is: (Evangelii Gaudium, §11).
When citing the Code of Canon Law, the abbreviation "c." indicates one canon, and "cc." indicates two or more canons. The section symbol "§" indicates two or more sections within a single canon.
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Citing online documents
The Turabian citation style is largely based on the Chicago style and is mostly used by students in the humanities, literature, history, arts, and the sciences. It offers two ways of citing sources: 'notes and bibliography' and 'author-date'. The former is more flexible and popular in the humanities, while the latter is more common in the sciences.
When citing online documents in Turabian style, there are a few key components that you should include. Here is a step-by-step guide:
- Choose the citation style: As mentioned, Turabian offers two styles: 'notes and bibliography' or 'author-date'. Consult your instructor or style guide to determine which one you should use.
- Identify the necessary information: To create a citation for an online document, you will need to gather specific details about the source. This typically includes the author's name, title of the document, publication information, and the URL or database name.
- Format the citation: The specific format will depend on the chosen citation style. Here is an example of how an online document citation might look in the 'notes and bibliography' style:
> Last name, First name. "Title of the Document." Website name, URL. Accessed date.
For instance:
> Flannery, Austin. "Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, 21 November 1964." Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, edited by Austin Flannery, https://library.nd.edu.au/instruction/referencing/chicago/religious. Accessed on [date].
- Consider using a citation generator: To make the process easier, you can use a free online citation generator like MyBib.com or Bibme.com. These tools allow you to search for the document you want to cite, fill in the necessary fields, and generate a properly formatted Turabian-style citation.
- In-text citations: For in-text citations in Turabian style, use a raised (superscript) number in the text, corresponding to a numbered footnote or endnote. The first in-text citation may look like this: (1)
- Bibliography: In addition to in-text citations, you will also need to include a bibliography at the end of your document. The bibliography will list all the sources cited in your work, following the same format as the full citations in the 'notes and bibliography' style.
Remember to review your citations for accuracy and consistency, ensuring that all relevant information is included and formatted correctly according to Turabian style guidelines.
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Citing popes
When citing popes in Turabian style, there are a few things to keep in mind. Firstly, honorific titles such as "Pope" are usually omitted, so a citation for Pope John Paul II would appear as "John Paul II". Popes can also be cited as “Catholic Church” or "Catholic Church, & [Name of Pope]".
For in-text citations, use the Latin name of the document and the paragraph number. For example, to cite the first paragraph in the "Eternal Newness" section of Pope Francis' Apostolic Exhortation, Evangelii Gaudium, the in-text citation would be: (Evangelii Gaudium, §11).
When creating a citation for an online Church document, you can follow these general steps:
- Choose the "WEBSITE" tab on www.bibme.org.
- Paste the URL for the document you want to cite.
- Identify the publishing agency by looking at the bottom or top of the website. For example, "Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith".
- List the Pope's name under "First Name" on the template.
- You may need to edit the citation a few times to perfect it, but you are allowed to make changes as needed.
> Pope Benedict XVI. "Deus Caritas Est - Encyclical Letter, Benedict XVI." Vatican: the Holy See. Vatican Website. Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2005. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
When citing a specific passage from a document, it is important to include the name of the pope who wrote the document, the title of the document, the publication date, and the paragraph or section number for endnotes or in-text citations.
For example, here is a citation for an encyclical letter by Pope John Paul II:
> John Paul II, Encyclical Letter, Evangelium Vitae. (Washington: United States Catholic Conference, 1995) 7; par. 13.
The in-text citation for this reference would be: (Evangelium Vitae par. 4) or (EV 4) if it is clear to the reader.
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Frequently asked questions
The Turabian style is a simplified version of The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) aimed at students writing research papers, theses, and dissertations.
Here is an example of how to cite this document in the Turabian style:
First footnote:
Second Vatican Council, "Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen gentium, 21 November, 1964," in Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, ed. Austin Flannery (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1975), sec. 14 (hereafter cited as LG).
There are a number of correct ways to cite a Pope in the Turabian style. For example, some sources use Pope Benedict XVI while others use Benedict XVI. Consistency is essential.
Your first footnote should follow this basic template: author, comma, type of document (e.g. encyclical), title of the document in English, title of the document in Latin (italicized), comma, date of promulgation (in parentheses), comma.
