
The Brutus Papers were written by an Anti-Federalist, Robert Yates, under a pseudonym. The papers were against the ratification of the US Constitution and urged the people of New York not to ratify it, arguing that a powerful central government would lead to the compromise of freedom and tyranny. The Brutus Papers are the most famous of the Anti-Federalist papers, and an understanding of them helps to develop an understanding of the origins of some of the problems the United States faces today.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| The Brutus Papers were written by | Robert Yates (believed) |
| Brutus Papers were written in support of | Anti-federalists |
| Brutus Papers were against | Ratification of the Constitution |
| Brutus Papers were against ratification because | There was no limit upon the legislative power to lay taxes, duties, imposts, and excises |
| Brutus Papers were against ratification because | The government would be complete, and no longer a confederation of smaller republics |
| Brutus Papers were against ratification because | The people would part with power and seldom or never resume it again but by force |
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What You'll Learn
- The Brutus Papers were written by Robert Yates, a Delegate to the United States Constitutional Convention
- The Brutus Papers were written under a pseudonym
- The Brutus Papers were the most impactful of the Anti-federalist papers
- The Brutus Papers argued that a bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the government
- The Brutus Papers were against ratifying the Constitution

The Brutus Papers were written by Robert Yates, a Delegate to the United States Constitutional Convention
The Brutus Papers were part of a wider debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were in favour of ratification, while the Anti-Federalists were against it. The Brutus Papers were the most impactful of the Anti-Federalist papers, and they are still valuable today in understanding the origins of some of the problems the United States faces.
The Brutus Papers were written under a pseudonym, with the pen name 'Brutus' recalling either Lucius Junius Brutus, who was responsible for ousting Tarquinius Superbus, the last King of Rome, or Marcus Junius Brutus, one of the assassins of Julius Caesar. Like other Anti-Federalist writers, Brutus argued that a bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the government. He urged the people of New York not to ratify the Constitution, warning that "when the people once part with power, they can seldom or never resume it again but by force".
The Anti-Federalists also argued that the Constitution gave the government too much power, with no limit on its legislative power to lay taxes, duties, imposts, and excises.
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The Brutus Papers were written under a pseudonym
The Brutus Papers were written under the pseudonym Brutus, in honour of either Lucius Junius Brutus, who led the overthrow of the last Roman King Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, or Marcus Junius Brutus, one of Julius Caesar's assassins. The author of the 16 Brutus Papers is believed to be Robert Yates, a Delegate to the United States Constitutional Convention. The papers were written in opposition to the Federalist Papers, which were in support of ratifying the Constitution. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, authors of the Federalist Papers, held the opposing views to Brutus.
The Brutus Papers were the most impactful of the Anti-federalist papers, intended to challenge the United States Constitution and prevent it from being ratified. Like other Anti-Federalist writers, Brutus argued that a bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the government. He urged the people of New York not to ratify the Constitution and therefore give up powers to the government because "when the people once part with power, they can seldom or never resume it again but by force".
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The Brutus Papers were the most impactful of the Anti-federalist papers
The Brutus Papers emerged during the debate around the ratification of the Constitution, which was drafted in 1787. The Federalists supported ratification, while the Anti-federalists opposed it. The Brutus Papers are significant because they provide an understanding of the origins of some of the problems the United States faces today. They argued that a bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the government, warning that "when the people once part with power, they can seldom or never resume it again but by force."
The Anti-federalists, including Brutus, were concerned about the concentration of power in the federal government and the potential for abuse of that power. They believed that the Constitution, as drafted, did not provide sufficient checks and balances on the federal government's power. Specifically, Brutus argued that there was no limit on the legislative power to lay taxes, duties, imposts, and excises.
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The Brutus Papers argued that a bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the government
The Brutus Papers were written by an Anti-Federalist, either Robert Yates or an associate, under the pseudonym Brutus. Brutus was the name of the man who led the overthrow of the last Roman King, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, or one of Julius Caesar's assassins, Marcus Junius Brutus. The Brutus Papers were written to challenge the United States Constitution and prevent its ratification. The author urged the people of New York not to ratify the Constitution, arguing that a bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the government. Without a bill of rights, the people would be giving up their powers to the government, and "when the people once part with power, they can seldom or never resume it again but by force".
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The Brutus Papers were against ratifying the Constitution
The Brutus Papers were written by an Anti-Federalist, against the ratification of the US Constitution. The author of the 16 Brutus Papers is believed to be Robert Yates, a Delegate to the United States Constitutional Convention. The Brutus Papers are the most famous of the 85 Anti-Federalist papers, intended to challenge the United States Constitution and prevent it from being ratified.
The Anti-Federalists believed that a bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the government. Brutus urged the people of New York not to ratify the Constitution and therefore give up powers to the government because "when the people once part with power, they can seldom or never resume it again but by force".
The Brutus Papers also argued that there was no limit upon the legislative power to lay taxes, duties, imposts, and excises. Furthermore, because all laws made in pursuance of the Constitution are the supreme law of the land, the states would have no recourse. Therefore, the government is complete, and no longer a confederation of smaller republics.
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Frequently asked questions
The Brutus Papers were a series of 16 essays written by the Anti-Federalists, who were against the ratification of the US Constitution.
The author of the Brutus Papers is believed to be Robert Yates, a Delegate to the United States Constitutional Convention. The papers were written under the pseudonym Brutus, in honour of either Lucius Junius Brutus, who led the overthrow of the last Roman King Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, or Marcus Junius Brutus, who was one of Julius Caesar's assassins.
The Brutus Papers argued that a bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the government. The Anti-Federalists believed that a powerful central government would lead to the compromise of freedom and tyranny, and that government must be democratic and local. They were fearful of a ruling class dominating political decisions.
The Federalists, who supported the ratification of the Constitution, ultimately won the argument. The US Constitution was ratified on June 21, 1788. However, the Anti-Federalists' arguments, as presented in the Brutus Papers, continue to provide valuable insights into the origins of some of the problems faced by the United States today.

























