
The U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1787, did not impose specific voting qualifications. Instead, it allowed individual states to determine their own voting rules. This led to significant variations in voting eligibility across the country, with some states restricting voting to property-owning white males, and others allowing for universal suffrage for white males. Over time, amendments and legislative changes expanded suffrage to include all citizens, but these efforts occurred after the Constitution was put into effect.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Voting qualifications | Not imposed by the Constitution, left to individual states |
| Voting rules | Varied from state to state, often restricted to property-owning white males |
| Voting rights for women | Not explicitly prohibited by the Constitution, but state laws were often discriminatory |
| Voting rights for African Americans | Not explicitly prohibited by the Constitution, but state laws were often discriminatory |
| Property qualifications | Gradually eliminated over time, particularly by the 1850s |
| Voting rights for white males | Broadened over time, with nearly all states allowing universal suffrage for white males by the time of the Civil War |
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What You'll Learn

The US Constitution did not impose specific voting qualifications
The US Constitution, ratified in 1787, did not impose specific voting qualifications. Instead, it allowed individual states to determine their own voting rules. This meant that each state could set its own voting requirements, leading to significant variations in voting eligibility across the country.
Initially, many states allowed only white male property owners to vote, reflecting a belief that those who owned property had a vested interest in society. This restriction stemmed from a belief in the independence of property owners, who were deemed to have a stake in society. While some states did mandate property ownership, by the time of the Civil War, nearly all states had dropped such requirements, allowing for universal suffrage for white males.
The Constitution did not expressly prohibit women or African Americans from voting, but many state laws were discriminatory. Women generally did not have the right to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and most African Americans were disenfranchised until the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, which aimed to protect voting rights regardless of race. Over time, amendments and legislative changes expanded suffrage to include all citizens, but these efforts occurred after the Constitution was put into effect.
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Voting rules were left to individual states
The U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1787, did not impose specific voting qualifications. Instead, it allowed individual states to determine their own voting rules. This meant that each state could set its own voting requirements, leading to significant variations in voting eligibility across the country.
Initially, many states allowed only white male property owners to vote, reflecting a belief that those who owned property had a vested interest in society. This restriction stemmed from a belief in the independence of property owners, who were deemed to have a stake in society. While some states did mandate property ownership, by the time of the Civil War, nearly all states had dropped such requirements, allowing for universal suffrage for white males.
The Constitution did not expressly prohibit women or African Americans from voting, but many state laws were discriminatory. Women generally did not have the right to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and most African Americans were disenfranchised until the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, which aimed to protect voting rights regardless of race.
Over time, amendments and legislative changes expanded suffrage to include all citizens, but these efforts occurred after the Constitution was put into effect.
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Voting was initially restricted to white male property owners
The U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1787, did not impose specific voting qualifications. Instead, it allowed individual states to determine their own voting rules, often restricting voting to white male property owners. This practice was rooted in English traditions and varied from state to state, with some exceptions for women who owned property. Over time, these property qualifications were gradually eliminated, particularly by the 1850s, leading to broader voting rights for white males.
Initially, many states allowed only white male property owners to vote, reflecting a belief that those who owned property had a vested interest in society and were independent. While the Constitution did not expressly prohibit women or African Americans from voting, many state laws were discriminatory. For example, women generally did not have the right to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and most African Americans were disenfranchised until the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, which aimed to protect voting rights regardless of race.
By the time of the Civil War, nearly all states had dropped property requirements, allowing for universal suffrage for white males. Over time, amendments and legislative changes expanded suffrage to include all citizens, but these efforts occurred after the Constitution was put into effect.
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Women were generally not allowed to vote until 1920
The U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1787, did not impose specific voting qualifications. Instead, it allowed individual states to determine their own voting rules, which often restricted voting to property-owning white males. This practice was rooted in English traditions and varied from state to state, with some exceptions for women who owned property. Over time, these property qualifications were gradually eliminated, particularly by the 1850s, leading to broader voting rights for white males.
While the Constitution did not expressly prohibit women from voting, many state laws were discriminatory. Women generally did not have the right to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. In the years leading up to 1920, Asian American suffragists such as Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee worked alongside white Native-born women, advocating within their communities and even marching in suffrage parades. Latinx women also contributed to the success of the suffrage movement at both the state and federal levels, particularly with their efforts to reach out to Spanish-speaking women.
In about half of U.S. states, some American women, including Black women, were able to vote in local, state and federal elections before the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. Twenty-two states had partial suffrage, meaning women could vote in certain elections, and only eight states had no suffrage. However, even after 1920, not all women gained the vote. Native Americans, for example, were not allowed to be U.S. citizens in 1920, so the federal amendment did not give them the right to vote. Asian American immigrant women were also excluded from voting until the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952.
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African Americans were largely disenfranchised until 1870
The US Constitution, ratified in 1787, did not impose specific voting qualifications. Instead, it allowed individual states to determine their own voting rules, which often restricted voting to property-owning white males. This practice was rooted in English traditions and varied from state to state, with some exceptions for women who owned property.
While the Constitution did not explicitly ban women or African Americans from voting, many state laws were discriminatory. African Americans were largely disenfranchised until the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, which aimed to protect voting rights regardless of race.
Initially, many states allowed only white male property owners to vote, reflecting a belief that those who owned property had a vested interest in society. Over time, these property qualifications were gradually eliminated, particularly by the 1850s, leading to broader voting rights for white males. By the time of the Civil War, nearly all states had dropped such requirements, allowing for universal suffrage for white males.
Amendments and legislative changes after the Constitution came into effect expanded suffrage to include all citizens. However, this process was gradual, and it was not until the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 that women gained the right to vote.
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Frequently asked questions
The U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1787, did not impose specific qualifications for voting. Instead, it allowed individual states to determine their own voting rules.
Initially, many states allowed only white male property owners to vote, reflecting a belief that those who owned property had a vested interest in society. However, by the time of the Civil War, nearly all states had dropped such requirements, allowing for universal suffrage for white males.
The U.S. Constitution did not explicitly prohibit women or African Americans from voting. However, state laws often reflected societal views, which excluded these groups from suffrage. Women generally did not have the right to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and most African Americans were disenfranchised until the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870.
No, the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1787, did not lead to universal suffrage. While the Constitution did not impose specific qualifications for voting, it allowed individual states to determine their own voting rules, which often restricted voting to property-owning white males. Over time, amendments and legislative changes expanded suffrage to include all citizens, but these efforts occurred after the Constitution was put into effect.

























