
Diplomacy is the art and science of maintaining peaceful relationships between nations, groups, or individuals. It is the main instrument of foreign policy and involves negotiation and bargaining to achieve agreements and resolve issues between states. The democratization of diplomacy refers to the involvement of citizens and independent citizen diplomacy groups in international affairs, in addition to professional diplomats. Citizen diplomacy entails citizen-to-citizen communication and collaboration across borders to foster dialogue, travel, educational, economic, and political collaborations. These citizen diplomacy groups aim to advance international peace, justice, and development, independent of their country or government's self-interest. The use of communication technologies has further empowered individuals and organizations to expose government violence and corruption or collaborate globally. However, it has also made it easier for destructive ideologies to gain traction. The democratization of diplomacy is thus a double-edged sword, offering both opportunities for positive change and challenges in managing diverse ideologies.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Citizen-to-citizen communication and collaboration across borders | International peace, justice, and development |
| Citizen diplomacy groups involving the poor and those least connected to the wider world | Advancing human freedom |
| Citizen diplomacy groups involving populations likely to engage in xenophobia | Collective self-government |
| Citizen diplomacy groups involving independent citizens active in independent political parties | Holding governments accountable |
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What You'll Learn

Citizen diplomacy groups
Examples of citizen diplomacy groups include Global Ties U.S., Sister Cities International, World Learning, and iEARN. These organizations facilitate dialogue, travel, and collaboration between citizens of different countries. Citizen diplomacy groups can also take the form of independent political parties, non-government organizations, and voluntary associations.
The concept of citizen diplomacy is similar to that of public diplomacy, which involves the government trying to improve its image and foster goodwill and cooperation without seeking support for any immediate policy objective. Public diplomacy can be achieved through branding or cultural communication, or through political advocacy campaigns that aim to facilitate more rapid results and build foreign support for immediate policy objectives.
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International peace, justice and development
Diplomacy is the art and science of maintaining peaceful relationships between nations, groups, or individuals. It is the main instrument of foreign policy, representing the broader goals and strategies that guide a state's interactions with the rest of the world.
Democratizing diplomacy refers to the involvement of citizens in diplomatic processes, which are traditionally carried out by professional diplomats. Citizen diplomacy entails citizen-to-citizen communication and collaboration across borders. Citizen diplomacy groups aim to advance international peace, justice, and development through educational, economic, and political collaborations. Examples of citizen diplomacy organizations include Global Ties U.S., Sister Cities International, World Learning, and iEARN. These groups foster dialogue, travel, and collaboration to promote mutual understanding and cooperation between citizens of different countries.
The role of citizens in diplomacy is particularly important when government leaders and diplomatic agents may not always prioritize peace, justice, and the welfare of their people. Citizen diplomats can maintain some independence from professional diplomats and hold their governments accountable. They can utilize modern communication technologies to expose government violence and corruption or collaborate with others internationally to advance shared goals.
Additionally, public diplomacy, a type of diplomatic strategy, involves branding or cultural communication. Governments use branding strategies to improve their image and create goodwill, which can facilitate cooperation and maintain alliances. During the Cold War, for example, the United States used public diplomacy to promote democratic values and capitalist enterprise over Soviet alternatives. Public diplomacy can also involve political advocacy campaigns to build foreign support for immediate policy objectives, such as encouraging foreign publics to support or oppose certain leaders.
In conclusion, democratizing diplomacy empowers citizens to actively participate in international affairs and promote peace, justice, and development. Citizen diplomacy groups foster cross-border collaborations and engage individuals who are typically least connected to the wider world, thereby reducing ignorance and xenophobia. By involving a diverse range of citizens, democratizing diplomacy contributes to the advancement of human freedom and collective self-government.
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Foreign policy authorities
Diplomacy is the main instrument of foreign policy and represents the broader goals and strategies that guide a state's interactions with the rest of the world. Foreign policy authorities, therefore, have a crucial role to play in the democratization of diplomacy.
The democratization of diplomacy refers to the involvement of citizens in diplomatic processes, which are traditionally the domain of professional diplomats. Citizen diplomacy entails citizen-to-citizen communication and collaboration across borders. It is important to note that citizen diplomats should maintain some independence from professional diplomats to ensure their effectiveness in holding governments accountable.
Additionally, foreign policy authorities can facilitate citizen diplomacy by creating opportunities for international collaboration and dialogue. This can include cultural exchanges, educational partnerships, and economic initiatives that bring citizens from different countries together. For instance, organizations like Global Ties U.S., Sister Cities International, and World Learning are actively involved in citizen diplomacy.
Furthermore, foreign policy authorities can promote public diplomacy, which involves various strategies to shape foreign perceptions and gain support for policy objectives. This can include branding or cultural communication, where states aim to improve their image and foster goodwill. It can also involve political advocacy, where foreign publics are encouraged to support or oppose specific leaders or policies. However, it is important to approach public diplomacy with caution, as it may be perceived as propaganda and is not always successful in achieving its intended goals.
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Public diplomacy
There are two primary types of public diplomacy: branding and political advocacy. Branding, or cultural communication, is a long-term strategy employed by states to improve their image and foster goodwill without seeking support for specific policies. During the Cold War, for instance, the United States used public diplomacy to showcase the superiority of democratic governments and capitalist economies over Soviet alternatives. In contrast, political advocacy campaigns are designed to achieve rapid results by building foreign support for immediate policy objectives. For example, a state may need to convince foreign audiences to support costly military alliances or encourage foreign publics to oppose leaders who do not align with their strategic interests.
While public diplomacy can facilitate cooperation and mutual understanding, it is important to recognize its potential drawbacks. Public diplomacy efforts can be met with skepticism and perceived as propaganda. Additionally, the democratization of diplomacy, enabled by modern communication technologies, has empowered individuals and groups to expose government misconduct but also to disseminate harmful content easily. As a result, experts advocating for the democratization of diplomacy emphasize the importance of foreign policy authorities informing the public rather than the public participating directly in diplomacy.
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Political advocacy
Public diplomacy officers play a crucial role in bringing together ordinary people from different countries to promote mutual goodwill and cooperation. Citizen diplomacy, which involves citizen-to-citizen communication and collaboration across borders, is an essential aspect of democratizing diplomacy. Citizen diplomacy groups that are independent and devoted to international peace, justice, and development can help lead the democratization process. Examples of organizations engaging in citizen diplomacy include Global Ties U.S., Sister Cities International, World Learning, and iEARN. These groups foster educational, economic, and political collaborations, engaging individuals who are typically least likely to participate in diplomacy, such as the poor and those least connected globally.
In the context of democratizing diplomacy, political advocacy can be a powerful tool for holding governments accountable. Watchful citizens active in independent political parties, non-governmental organizations, and voluntary associations are better equipped than state-backed groups to ensure their government's actions align with the interests of their people. The widespread access to technology and social media has empowered individuals and organizations to expose government violence and corruption, collaborate globally, and participate in international affairs. However, it is important to recognize that simply broadening participation is not sufficient, and public education and informed decision-making are crucial components of effective democratized diplomacy.
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Frequently asked questions
Citizen diplomacy refers to citizen-to-citizen communication and collaboration across borders. Citizen diplomats are independent of professional diplomats and can hold their governments accountable. Citizen diplomacy groups can help lead the democratization of diplomacy as they collaborate to advance international peace, justice and development.
Current examples of citizen diplomacy groups include Global Ties U.S., Sister Cities International, World Learning, and iEARN. These groups foster dialogue, travel, educational, economic and political collaborations.
Citizen diplomacy can help lead the democratization of diplomacy and involve populations least likely to engage in diplomacy, such as the poor and those least connected to the wider world. Citizen diplomacy can also help hold governments accountable and expose government violence and corruption.

























