Malcolm Rivera
China's diplomacy is a complex and multi-faceted topic, encompassing a range of issues and strategies. From its negotiations with the United States to its relations with global allies, China's diplomatic maneuvers have significant implications for the world. With its vast economic and military power, China has become a formidable force on the world stage, and its diplomatic actions are closely watched by other nations. China's approach to diplomacy, including its preference for lower-level formal negotiations, has been a key factor in shaping its relationships with other countries. As China continues to exert its influence globally, understanding its diplomatic strategies and objectives is essential for navigating the complex international landscape.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| China's diplomacy | "Wolf warrior" diplomacy |
| Negotiation preference | Grueling lower-level formal diplomacy |
| Leader meetings | Highly scripted |
| Trade relations | Retaliatory tariffs |
| Trade relations with the US | Fast-worsening trade war |
| Trade relations with the US | Theft of intellectual property |
| Trade relations with the US | Nefarious trade practices |
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What You'll Learn
China's economic diplomacy
In response to these concerns, the US has considered forming trade alliances with other countries to create a united economic front against China. However, this strategy has faced challenges due to the alienation of some nations by the Trump administration. Additionally, China's own economic diplomacy has aimed to exploit fissures in Western alliances, particularly between the US and Europe.
China's approach to economic negotiations is often characterised as gruelling and formal, with highly scripted leader meetings. This contrasts with the more freewheeling style preferred by some Western leaders. China's economic diplomacy is also influenced by its communist political system and its ambitions for global domination. Chinese companies have been allowed to operate with relatively little scrutiny within the US and worldwide, even purchasing sensitive assets like American farmland near military sites.
China's economic policies have had a significant impact on global markets, as demonstrated by the escalating trade war with the US. The imposition of tariffs and retaliatory measures by both countries threatens severe damage to their economies and worldwide shockwaves. China's economic diplomacy has been described as confrontational, with the "wolf warrior" style creating openings for China to position itself as a reasonable partner in contrast to the US.
Overall, China's economic diplomacy is a complex and multi-faceted aspect of its international relations. It leverages its economic power and scale to pursue its ambitions, often resulting in tensions with other major powers like the US.
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China's relationship with the US
China and the United States have a complex relationship, with the two countries being the world's premier geopolitical powers, and their economies are intricately linked. However, there are tensions, and a trade war could be catastrophic for both nations.
The US has imposed tariffs on China, and the Trump administration has sought to use trade agreements with allies to isolate and pressure China. This strategy may be difficult to achieve, as Trump has alienated some nations, including Canada and members of the European Union. There is also a risk that the US could split from Europe while failing to create divisions between China and Russia.
China's economy is highly restrictive, especially for US investors, with prohibitions on investment in key sectors and unpredictable regulatory enforcement. US businesses also face challenges due to arbitrary legal enforcement, poorly defined legal terms, and a lack of regulatory transparency. China engages in unfair trade practices, including the use of forced labour, massive state subsidies, and the theft of sensitive technologies, which puts American businesses at a disadvantage and raises concerns about complicity in human rights abuses.
The US is committed to countering China's efforts to obtain US technologies for military advancement and enhancing its leading edge in critical and emerging technologies like artificial intelligence. The US also aims to deter Chinese aggression, counter cyberattacks, end global trafficking of fentanyl precursors, and promote accountability for human rights violations.
Despite the tensions, the two countries have a history of attempting to forge a relationship. Nixon and his National Security Advisor, Kissinger, believed that relations with China would help the US in confrontations with the Soviet Union. In 1971, a friendly encounter between American and Chinese ping-pong athletes opened the way for a visit to China, which became known as "ping-pong diplomacy". This was one of the most prominent examples of people's diplomacy in China-US relations. President Jimmy Carter also sought diplomatic and trade relations with China, but this was not pursued further due to concerns about threatening US-Soviet relations.
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China's relationship with its allies
China's diplomacy has been described as "confrontational 'wolf warrior' diplomacy". This has been partly responsible for creating openings for China to play the role of a reasonable partner, especially in contrast with the US, which has been described as engaging in "counterproductive diplomatic pugilism".
Despite this, China has been able to maintain and even exploit fissures in Western alliances, particularly between the US and Europe. China's size and productive capacity give it a strategic advantage, and its economic heft allows it to dominate smaller economies. China's large population and broad geographic reach further enhance its dominance.
In response to China's growing influence, the US has attempted to build a united economic front against China by forming trade agreements with key allies. However, these efforts have been hampered by the alienation of nations like Canada and those in the European Union due to Trump's erratic moves and the absence of meaningful back channels between Washington and Beijing.
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China's trade negotiations
China's approach to trade negotiations is characterised by its preference for lower-level formal diplomacy. President Xi Jinping is not directly involved in trade negotiations and instead leaves this to bureaucrats and functionaries. This approach contrasts with that of the United States, where President Trump prefers a more direct style.
The trade negotiations between China and the United States have been marked by escalating tariffs and retaliatory measures. President Trump has imposed tariffs on Chinese imports, which Xi has matched or exceeded. In response, China has restricted exports of rare-earth metals and reduced the number of American films approved for screening in Chinese theatres. There have also been efforts by the United States to form a united economic front against China, by entering into trade agreements with allies. However, these efforts have been hampered by strained relationships with some allies.
Despite the tensions and challenges, there have been moments of progress and cooperation in the trade negotiations between China and the United States. In 2020, the two countries signed a Phase One trade deal, which addressed intellectual property protection and structural issues in the trade relationship. This agreement was seen as a step towards restoring stability and trust between the two countries.
Overall, China's trade negotiations are a complex and dynamic aspect of its diplomacy, involving a balance of negotiation, cooperation, and competition with its trading partners, particularly the United States.
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China's intellectual property theft
China's diplomacy has been described as "confrontational 'wolf warrior' diplomacy". This style of diplomacy has created openings for China's opponents, such as the United States, to position themselves as the more reasonable partner on the global stage.
China's preference for negotiations to be conducted in a "grueling lower-level formal diplomacy" style has been noted. Meetings with Chinese President Xi Jinping are highly scripted, and China will not expose its leader to freewheeling sessions where anything can happen.
In response to the threat of a trade war with the United States, China has responded with currency moves and retaliatory levies. China's economic diplomacy has been described as a "runaway cartoon" by US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent. Bessent has also stated that the US is moving towards trade agreements with key allies to form a united economic front against China. This strategy involves using trade agreements to isolate and pressure China.
To counter China's intellectual property theft, the United States has considered implementing protectionist measures such as tariffs on Chinese goods. However, this approach has been criticised as ineffective and potentially catastrophic for the global economy. Instead, it has been proposed that the United States should focus on capacity-building across military, economic, and technological domains, in collaboration with its allies. This could involve sharing military technology and pooling markets behind a shared tariff or regulatory wall to generate aggregate advantages that China cannot match.
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Frequently asked questions
China's diplomacy with the US has been described as "confrontational 'wolf warrior' diplomacy". China prefers negotiations to be conducted in a formal, lower-level manner, with highly scripted leader meetings. China has also been known to steal intellectual property from US companies and use it to compete globally.
The US has responded to China's diplomacy by imposing tariffs on Chinese goods and attempting to build a united economic front with its allies against China.
The US and China are currently engaged in a fast-worsening trade war that threatens to cause severe damage to both nations and send shockwaves worldwide.
China has responded to US tariffs by imposing retaliatory tariffs on US goods and refusing to negotiate with the Trump administration.
The future outlook for US-China relations is uncertain. Analysts and people close to officials in China’s leadership circles have expressed concern about the lack of a meaningful backchannel between Washington and Beijing.
