
The ratification of the US Constitution was a long and difficult process, lasting almost four years. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention met for three months during the summer of 1787 to write the new constitution, but they then needed to convince at least nine of the thirteen state governments to ratify it. The Federalists and Antifederalists debated heatedly, with the former responding to the Antifederalists' Brutus Papers with their own set of essays, the Federalist Papers. The Massachusetts Compromise, where several states agreed to ratify the Constitution as long as Congress passed a Bill of Rights, led to the ratification of the Constitution.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Date of ratification | 21 June 1788 |
| Number of states needed to ratify | 9 out of 13 |
| Length of process | Almost 4 years |
| Previous governing document | Articles of Confederation |
| States that ratified | New Hampshire was the ninth state to ratify |
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What You'll Learn
- The Federalists and Antifederalists debated the ratification of the Constitution
- The Massachusetts Compromise led to the ratification of the Constitution
- The ratification of the Constitution was a long and difficult process
- The delegates decided that nine states would be appropriate to implement the Constitution
- The ratification of the Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation

The Federalists and Antifederalists debated the ratification of the Constitution
The ratification process was long and arduous, taking almost four years. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention met for three months during the summer of 1787 to write the new constitution. They needed to convince at least nine of the thirteen state governments to ratify it. On August 31, the delegates decided that nine states would be appropriate to implement the Constitution among the ratifying states. This was the number of states necessary in the Confederation Congress to adopt important matters.
The Convention also decided to substitute state conventions instead of state legislatures as the bodies to consider ratification. A proposal to allow each state its own discretion in deciding its method of ratification was rejected. The Massachusetts Compromise, where several states agreed to ratify the Constitution as long as Congress passed a Bill of Rights, was instrumental in the eventual ratification of the Constitution.
On June 21, 1788, the Constitution became the official framework of the government of the United States of America when New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify it.
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The Massachusetts Compromise led to the ratification of the Constitution
The process of ratifying the Constitution was a long and arduous one. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention met for three months during the summer of 1787 to write the new constitution. They needed to convince at least nine of the thirteen state governments to ratify it.
The Massachusetts Compromise was a solution reached in a controversy between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the ratification of the United States Constitution. The Federalists responded with their own set of essays called the Federalists Paper. The Anti-Federalists advocated for rejection of the Constitution or at least some major modifications through the Brutus Papers. They feared the Constitution would lead to an over-centralized government and diminish individual rights and liberties. They sought to amend the Constitution, particularly with a Bill of Rights as a condition before ratification.
The Massachusetts Compromise, where several states agreed to ratify the Constitution as long as Congress passed a Bill of Rights, led to the ratification of the Constitution. Following this compromise, Massachusetts voted to ratify the Constitution on February 6, 1788. Five states subsequently voted for ratification, four of which followed the Massachusetts model of recommending amendments along with their ratification.
The Massachusetts Compromise secured the victory for the proponents of the Constitution because roughly ten delegates changed their mind to secure ratification by a 187-168 vote. The compromise helped gather enough support for the Constitution to ensure its ratification and led to the adoption of the first ten amendments, the Bill of Rights.
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The ratification of the Constitution was a long and difficult process
The journey to ratification was not easy. Until the new Constitution was ratified, the country was governed by the Articles of Confederation. This document was tailored to a newly formed nation made of states acting more like independent, sovereign countries. However, it quickly became clear to some of America’s leaders that future stability required a stronger, more centralised government. New York’s Alexander Hamilton thus led the call for a constitutional convention to reevaluate the nation’s governing document.
Debates between the Federalists and Antifederalists heated up after the Constitution moved out of Congress and into the hands of the states. During the ratification process, the Antifederalists advocated for rejection of the Constitution (or at least some major modifications) through the Brutus Papers. The Federalists responded with their own set of essays called the Federalists Paper. The Convention also decided to substitute state conventions instead of state legislatures as the bodies to consider ratification. A proposal to allow each of the states their own discretion in deciding its method of ratification was rejected.
On June 21, 1788, the Constitution became the official framework of the government of the United States of America when New Hampshire became the ninth of 13 states to ratify it. While all thirteen states did eventually sign the Constitution, it was a long and difficult process, lasting for almost four years. The intense negotiations resulted in one of the most important documents: the Bill of Rights.
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The delegates decided that nine states would be appropriate to implement the Constitution
The process of ratifying the Constitution was a long and arduous one. The Federalists and Antifederalists debated heatedly after the Constitution moved out of Congress and into the hands of the states. The Antifederalists advocated for rejection of the Constitution or at least some major modifications, while the Federalists responded with their own set of essays.
The journey to ratification was a long one, lasting almost four years. On June 21, 1788, the Constitution became the official framework of the government of the United States of America when New Hampshire became the ninth of 13 states to ratify it.
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The ratification of the Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation
New York's Alexander Hamilton led the call for a constitutional convention to reevaluate the nation's governing document. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention met for three months during the summer of 1787 to write a new constitution. They signed it in September, but they still needed to convince at least nine of the thirteen state governments to ratify it.
The ratification process was long and arduous, with debates between Federalists and Antifederalists heating up as the Constitution moved out of Congress and into the hands of the states. The Antifederalists advocated for the rejection of the Constitution or at least some major modifications through the Brutus Papers. The Federalists responded with their own set of essays called the Federalist Papers.
The Massachusetts Compromise, where several states agreed to ratify the Constitution as long as Congress passed a Bill of Rights, ultimately led to the ratification of the Constitution. On June 21, 1788, the Constitution became the official framework of the government of the United States of America when New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify it.
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Frequently asked questions
Nine out of thirteen states were required to ratify the Constitution.
The process of ratification involved state conventions considering ratification.
The ratification of the Constitution led to the creation of the Bill of Rights.
Before the ratification of the Constitution, the country was governed by the Articles of Confederation, which allowed states to act more like independent, sovereign countries.

























