Eleanor Finch
Russia's diplomatic relations are a complex interplay of historical context, geopolitical interests, and ideological influences. The country's foreign policy has evolved since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, with different schools of thought influencing its international stance. Currently, Russia has no diplomatic relations with Ukraine, Georgia, Bhutan, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Solomon Islands. However, it maintains positive relations with countries considered neutral, like Brazil, India, and Vietnam, and has improved ties with some Western-aligned nations. Russia's diplomatic strategy involves balancing alliances and managing conflicts with other powers, particularly in Europe. Its interactions with countries like Germany, France, England, Italy, Austria, and Turkey shape the dynamics of the region. The country's foreign policy debates reflect a conflict between Atlanticists, Imperialists, and Neo-Slavophiles, each advocating for different approaches to international relations.
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What You'll Learn
Russia's diplomatic muscle
One notable aspect of Russia's diplomatic muscle is its willingness to forge alliances and engage in diplomatic negotiations. In the board game "Diplomacy", Russia's strategy often involves seeking alliances with other powers to secure its position and expand its influence. For instance, the "Three Emperor's Alliance" with Germany and Italy, or a northern expansion strategy with Austria, showcase Russia's ability to leverage diplomacy for its advantage.
In the real world, Russia has also demonstrated its diplomatic prowess by maintaining positive relations with a diverse range of countries, including those considered neutral, such as Brazil, India, and Vietnam, as well as traditionally Western-aligned nations like Hungary, Serbia, and Turkey. Russia has also exhibited a pragmatic approach to diplomacy, as seen in its relations with Germany, where former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder was reported to have a more amicable relationship with Russian President Vladimir Putin than his successor, Angela Merkel.
Additionally, Russia has not been afraid to take a stand against dominant powers, as evidenced by Putin's criticism of the United States' foreign policy and what he described as its "monopolistic dominance in global relations." Putin has also proposed initiatives to strengthen international law and create a more democratic multipolar world.
However, Russia's diplomatic muscle has also faced significant challenges. The country currently has no diplomatic relations with Ukraine due to its ongoing invasion, and it also lacks formal ties with Georgia, Bhutan, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Solomon Islands. Additionally, there are competing schools of thought within Russia's foreign policy debates, including Atlanticists seeking closer ties with the West, Imperialists aiming to restore Russia's hegemonic status, and Neo-Slavophiles promoting isolationism.
In conclusion, Russia's diplomatic muscle is a multifaceted and dynamic aspect of its foreign relations. The country has demonstrated a capacity for strategic alliances, pragmatic relationships, and a willingness to challenge dominant powers. However, it also faces internal debates and external tensions that influence its diplomatic approach and outcomes.
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Russia's foreign relations
In terms of relations with major powers, Russia has had a complex relationship with the United States and other Western countries. Putin has been critical of US foreign policy and its dominance in global relations. He has proposed initiatives for a democratic multipolar world and the strengthening of international law. Putin has also cultivated personal relationships with several world leaders, including former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and former French President Jacques Chirac.
Russia's relations with its neighboring countries are crucial. In the South, Russia faces strategic decisions regarding Italy, Austria, and Turkey, with the potential for deals and alliances. Russia's northern relations with England, France, and Germany are equally important, impacting its position in Scandinavia. The country's diplomatic maneuvers aim to balance its relations and prevent alliances formed against it.
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Russia's foreign policy
The appointment of Yevgeny Primakov as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1996 marked a shift towards a more nationalistic foreign policy. Eurasianism, a philosophy asserting that Russia is a fusion of Slavic, Turkic, and Asiatic cultures, has also gained traction, with followers equating Western liberalism with imperialism. This ideology has influenced Russia's stance towards the West, with Putin openly criticizing the foreign policies of the United States and other Western nations, accusing them of monopolistic dominance and excessive use of force.
Russia maintains positive relations with several countries, including Brazil, India, Vietnam, and some traditionally Western-aligned nations like Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Putin has cultivated personal relationships with various world leaders, including former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, former French President Jacques Chirac, and former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. Putin has also prioritized Russia's relationship with Belarus, seeking deeper political, security, and economic integration under the Union State.
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Russia's stance on international affairs
Historically, Russia's foreign policy has been influenced by various ideological schools of thought, including Atlanticism, Imperialism, Neo-Slavophilia, and Eurasianism. Atlanticism, which seeks closer ties with the United States and the Western world, was the dominant ideology in the early years of the Russian Federation. However, it faced criticism for not adequately defending Russia's interests in the former USSR.
The appointment of Yevgeny Primakov as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1996 marked a shift towards a more nationalistic approach. Eurasianism, which gained prominence after the collapse of the Soviet Union, asserts that Russia encompasses Slavic, Turkic, and Asiatic cultures, and it equates Liberalism with Eurocentric imperialism. This ideology has influenced Russia's pursuit of a trans-continental Eurasian state.
In recent years, Russia has maintained positive relations with countries considered neutral, such as Brazil, Honduras, India, and several Middle Eastern nations. Putin has been critical of the foreign policy of the United States and other Western countries, accusing them of monopolistic dominance and excessive use of force in international relations. Putin has also proposed initiatives to strengthen the system of international law and prevent the weaponization of outer space.
In terms of specific international affairs, Russia's relationships vary. Putin has had friendly relationships with former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and other world leaders, while his relationship with former Chancellor Angela Merkel was described as "cooler" and more business-like." During the Iraq disarmament crisis, Putin opposed the US invasion without a UN resolution and supported the lifting of sanctions on Iraq. Russia has also been involved in diplomatic strategies and alliances, such as the "Three Emperor's Alliance," which includes England, France, and Russia, or Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey.
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Russia's relations with neutral countries
Russia maintains positive relations with several countries that are considered neutral on the world stage. These include Brazil, Honduras, India, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.
In addition, Russia has what can be described as "Russia-leaning" relations with several countries, including Algeria, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Laos, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Uganda.
Russia also has positive relations with some countries that are traditionally considered Western-aligned. These include Hungary, Serbia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Jordan, Morocco, and the United Arab Emirates.
Russia has expanded its influence in Asia, South America, and the Middle East as part of its BRICS+ project, which now controls about two-thirds of global oil production.
However, Russia's relations with the United States and other Western countries have sharply deteriorated between 2001 and 2022. The Kremlin has blamed the United States for its involvement in the Middle East and countries bordering Russia. Relations with the European Union also became hostile after Russia's annexation of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014, which led to substantial economic and political sanctions being imposed by the EU, the UK, the US, Canada, Japan, and other countries.
Russia's relations with other former Soviet republics, such as Georgia and Moldova, have also been strained, with accusations of Moscow supporting separatist entities in their territories.
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Frequently asked questions
Russia is not the strongest country in Diplomacy, but it often seems that way because it begins the game with four units, compared to the three allotted to every other power. However, Russia has the largest territory to defend and is in a vulnerable position.
Russia's strategies in Diplomacy include the Northern Opening, which focuses on relations with England, France, and Germany, and the Southern System, which involves deals with Italy, Austria, and Turkey. Russia also utilizes the Three Emperor's Alliance with Germany and Italy, and the Squid, which is a pro-Turkish strategy.
Russia maintains positive relations with countries considered neutral, such as Brazil, India, and Vietnam, and Western-aligned countries like Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. Russia's foreign policy debates show a conflict between Atlanticists, Imperialists, and Neo-Slavophiles, each advocating for different approaches to international relations.
No, Russia currently has no diplomatic relations with Ukraine due to its ongoing invasion of the country.
