Eleanor Finch
The Oath of Office, as outlined in the U.S. Constitution, is a solemn pledge sworn by senators, government officials, and military personnel to uphold and defend the Constitution against all enemies, both foreign and domestic. The evolution of the oath, from its inception in 1789 to its revisions during the Civil War and beyond, reflects the nation's changing political landscape. When citing the Constitution's Oath of Enlistment using Chicago style, it is essential to adhere to specific guidelines for formatting and content, including the inclusion of publication details and relevant dates.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Footnote or Endnote | US Constitution, art. 2, sec. 1, cl. 3 |
| Bibliography | Not usually cited |
| Parenthetical Note | (US Constitution, art. 1, sec. 9) |
| Reference List | Not usually cited |
| Author | Cite the author if identified |
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What You'll Learn
Citing the US Constitution in Chicago Style
When citing the US Constitution in Chicago Style, there are a few key guidelines to follow. Firstly, legal documents, including the US Constitution, are typically only cited in footnotes or within the text of your paper, and not in the bibliography. However, if the US Constitution is included in a secondary publication, such as a book, you would then cite that book in the bibliography.
The specific format for citing the US Constitution in Chicago Style is as follows:
In the first footnote or endnote, you would typically include: "US Constitution," followed by the specific article, section, and clause numbers. For example: "US Constitution, art. 2, sec. 1, cl. 3".
If you are using the author-date style, the first parenthetical note would look like this: (US Constitution, art. 1, sec. 9).
It is important to note that the US Constitution is generally not cited in the reference list or bibliography when using the author-date style.
When citing US government documents, it is standard practice to include the name of the national government, followed by the agency or any relevant subdivisions. For congressional documents, be sure to include the Congress number, session information, and report number. US government documents are often published by the Government Printing Office. Here is an example of how to cite a US government document in Chicago Style:
> US Congress, House, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act, 112th Cong., 2d sess., H. Rep. 112-445.
By following these guidelines, you can properly cite the US Constitution and related government documents in Chicago Style, ensuring academic integrity and providing proper attribution to your sources.
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Citing a US statute
When citing a US statute in Chicago style, there are a few key guidelines to follow. Firstly, legal documents, including statutes, are typically only cited in footnotes or within the text of your paper, and not in the bibliography. The only exception to this rule is if the statute is included in a secondary publication, such as a book, in which case you would cite the book in the bibliography.
The specific format for citing a US statute in Chicago style may vary depending on the style guide you are using. Here is an example of a statute citation in Chicago style:
Name of the Bill, volume number Reporter Name series number (year), URL.
Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (2012).
In this example, "Homeland Security Act of 2002" is the name of the bill, "Pub. L. No. 107-296" is the public law number, "116" is the volume number, "Stat." is the abbreviation for "Statutes at Large" (the reporter name), and "2135" is the page number. The year of publication is given as "(2012)."
Another example of a statute citation in Chicago style is:
Chinese Exclusion Act, 22 Stat. 58 (1882), https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=47&page=transcript.
In this example, "Chinese Exclusion Act" is the name of the bill, "22" is the volume number, "Stat." again denotes "Statutes at Large", and "58" is the page number. The year of publication is "(1882)." Additionally, the URL is provided for reference.
It is important to note that when citing congressional documents, you should include the number of the Congress, the session during which the hearing was held or resolution was passed, and the report number. For example:
U.S. Congress. House. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act. 112th Cong., 2d sess., H. Rep. 112-445. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg50208/html/CHRG-111hhrg50208.htm.
In this example, "U.S. Congress, House" indicates the branch of government, followed by the committee name. The name of the act is "Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act." The number of the Congress is "112th Cong." and the session is "2d sess." The report number is "H. Rep. 112-445," and the URL is provided for reference.
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Citing a bill or resolution
When citing a bill or resolution in Chicago style, it is important to note that these are only cited in the footnotes or within the text of your paper. They are not typically included in the bibliography. However, if the bill or resolution is included in a secondary publication, such as a book, then you would cite that book in the bibliography.
The general format for citing a bill or resolution in Chicago style is as follows:
> Name of Bill, vol. Reporter Name series (year), URL
For example:
> Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (2012).
When citing a bill or resolution, be sure to include the name of the national government and any relevant agencies or subdivisions. For congressional documents, include the number of the Congress, the session during which the resolution was passed, and the report number. For example:
> U.S. Congress. House. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act. 112th Cong., 2d sess., H. Rep. 112-445. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg50208/html/CHRG-111hhrg50208.htm.
It is worth noting that Chicago style does not typically include access dates in the citation, unless no date of publication or last revision can be found.
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Citing a congressional document
When citing a congressional document in Chicago style, there are a few key guidelines to follow. Firstly, identify the author of the publication and cite them. If no author is identified, begin with the name of the national government, followed by the agency or any relevant subdivisions. For congressional documents, be sure to include the number of the Congress, the session during which the hearing was held or the resolution was passed, and the report number. For example:
> U.S. Congress. House. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act. 112th Cong., 2d sess., H. Rep.112-445. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg50208/html/CHRG-111hhrg50208.htm.
It is important to note that US government documents are typically published by the Government Printing Office.
In terms of where to place citations, legal documents, statutes, bills, and resolutions are only cited in the footnotes or within the text of your paper. They are not included in the bibliography unless they are part of a secondary publication, such as a book, in which case you would cite the book in the bibliography. The Chicago Manual of Style defers to The Bluebook for legal citations, and legal publications only need to be cited in the notes unless there is a secondary publication, in which case CMOS guidelines apply.
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Citing an amendment to the Constitution
When citing an amendment to the US Constitution in Chicago style, you should follow this format:
> U.S. Const. amend. [Amendment number in Roman numerals], § [Section number].
For example, if you were citing the fourteenth amendment, section 2, it would look like this:
> U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 2.
Note that the "U.S." can also be written out in full as "United States".
When citing an amendment in a footnote or endnote for the first time, it should take the following form:
> [Amendment number in Arabic numerals] U.S. Const. amend. [Amendment number in Roman numerals], § [Section number].
So, for the first citation of the fourteenth amendment, section 2, it would look like this:
> 14th Amend. XIV U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 2.
Subsequent citations of the same amendment can follow the shorter format without the amendment number in Arabic numerals.
The US Constitution is usually not included in a bibliography or reference list.
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Frequently asked questions
The oath of enlistment is a pledge taken by all members of the US Armed Forces. It is as follows: "I, [name], do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. So help me God."
To cite the US Constitution in Chicago style, include the amendment, section and clause numbers, followed by a comma and a space, then the name of the source, and finally the year. For example: "U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1."
The Oath of Enlistment is a government document and, as such, should be cited in Chicago style as follows: cite the author of the publication if identified, otherwise, start with the name of the national government, followed by the agency. For congressional documents, be sure to include the number of the Congress and the session when the hearing was held.
The current practice dates back to the Civil War when military and civilian authorities required anyone wishing to do business with the federal government to sign a copy of the Test Oath. Newly sworn senators now sign individual pages in an elegantly bound oath book.
The Oath of Enlistment was first adopted by the First Congress in 1789 as a simple oath: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution of the United States." The oath was expanded at the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 when President Abraham Lincoln ordered all federal civilian employees within the executive branch to take a new oath. Congress then adopted legislation requiring executive branch employees to take the expanded oath in support of the Union. In July 1862, Congress added a new section, known as the "Ironclad Test Oath," which required civilian and military officials to swear or affirm that they had never aided or encouraged "persons engaged in armed hostility" against the United States.
