Eleanor Finch
The Malolos Constitution, also known as The Political Constitution of 1899, was the first constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was drafted by the Malolos Congress, a committee composed of 21 members, including Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino, who are considered the authors of the document. The constitution was promulgated on January 21, 1899, and included civil liberties and political freedoms for Filipino citizens, such as freedom of speech and religion, as well as protections from abuse and unfair legal treatment. The Malolos Constitution was influenced by liberal principles and aimed to protect freedoms similar to those in England's Assize of Clarendon and Magna Carta.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Name | Felipe Calderón y Roca (also known as Felipe Calderon) |
| Birthplace | Santa Cruz de Malabon, Cavite |
| Education | Ateneo Municipal de Manila (primary and secondary), University of Santo Tomas |
| Profession | Lawyer, politician, writer |
| Notable works | Malolos Constitution, founding of two law universities (Colegio de Abogados de Manila and Escuela de Derecho) |
| Political involvement | Supported the Philippine Revolution, participated in the law office of Cayetano Arellano, appointed to General Aguinaldo's cabinet as Secretary of Development |
| Dates | Lived from April 4, 1868 to July 6, 1908, authored the Malolos Constitution in 1899 |
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What You'll Learn
Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino were the authors
The Malolos Constitution, formally known as the Political Constitution of 1899, was the first constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino. The constitution was drafted as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno.
Felipe Calderón y Roca, often regarded as the "Father of the Malolos Constitution", was born in Santa Cruz de Malabon, Cavite, on April 4, 1868. He excelled in his primary and secondary studies at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, receiving a scholarship and high honours in a Bachelor of Arts degree. He later pursued a career in journalism, writing for several newspapers. He then enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas, completing his studies in 1893. Post-graduation, he joined the law office of Cayetano Arellano. A lawyer and politician, he supported the cause of the Philippine Revolution. He founded two law universities: the Colegio de Abogados de Manila (School of Lawyers of Manila) and the Escuela de Derecho (School of Duties).
Felipe Buencamino, on the other hand, was a delegate to the Malolos Congress and was appointed to General Aguinaldo's cabinet as Secretary of Development on September 26, 1898. He was part of the committee selected to draft the constitution for the First Philippine Republic.
The Malolos Constitution was promulgated on January 21, 1899, and contained provisions that placed limitations on the unsupervised freedom of action of the chief executive. Notably, it included civil liberties and political freedoms for Filipino citizens, such as freedom of speech and religion, as well as protections from abuse and unfair legal treatment. These rights were influenced by real-life abuses committed by authorities, particularly police forces, as documented in the Philippine Declaration of Independence. The constitution also established a popular, representative, alternative, and responsible government, as outlined in Title II, Article 4.
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It was the first Philippine Constitution
The Malolos Constitution, also known as The Political Constitution of 1899, was the first Philippine Constitution. It was drafted and adopted by the First Philippine Republic, which lasted from 1899 to 1901. The Malolos Constitution was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino. It was promulgated on January 21, 1899, and served as the basic law of the First Philippine Republic.
Felipe Calderón, also known as the "Father of the Malolos Constitution", was a lawyer and politician who supported the Philippine Revolution. He was born in Santa Cruz de Malabon, Cavite, and studied at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila for his primary and secondary education. He received high honours in a Bachelor of Arts degree and later worked in the newspaper industry, writing for several publications. He then enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas, completing his studies in 1893. After graduating, he participated in the law office of Cayetano Arellano.
Felipe Buencamino, the other author of the Malolos Constitution, was also a member of the committee selected to draft the constitution for the First Philippine Republic. This committee, known as the Malolos Congress, was composed of 18 members, including Hipólito Magsalin, Basilio Teodoro, José Albert, Joaquín González, and Gregorio Araneta, among others. The Malolos Congress was convened on September 15, 1898, and the constitution was approved on January 21, 1899.
The Malolos Constitution included 27 articles that defined the natural rights and political freedoms of Filipino citizens. These included civil liberties such as freedom of speech and religion, as well as protections from abuse and unfair legal treatment. The inclusion of these rights was influenced by real-life abuses committed by authorities, particularly police forces, as documented in the Philippine Declaration of Independence. The constitution also placed limitations on the unsupervised freedom of action by the chief executive, except during wartime.
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It was drafted by a committee of 18 people
The Malolos Constitution, also known as the Political Constitution of 1899, was the first constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was drafted by a committee of 18 people, including Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino, who were tasked with creating a constitution for the newly formed republic. The constitution was written as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno.
The Malolos Congress was convened on September 15, 1898, following elections held from June 23 to September 10, 1898, for a new national legislature. The committee selected to draft the constitution included prominent individuals such as Hipólito Magsalin, Basilio Teodoro, José Albert, Joaquín González, and Gregorio Araneta. These individuals played a crucial role in shaping the future of the First Philippine Republic.
Felipe Calderón y Roca, often referred to as the "Father of the Malolos Constitution," was a key figure in the drafting process. He was a lawyer and politician who supported the Philippine Revolution. Calderón's legal expertise and political experience contributed significantly to the constitution's content and structure. He also founded two law universities, demonstrating his dedication to legal education and the advancement of legal principles in the Philippines.
The Malolos Constitution included important provisions that guaranteed the natural rights and political freedoms of Filipino citizens. These rights were influenced by abuses committed by authorities, particularly police forces, as documented in the Philippine Declaration of Independence. The constitution aimed to protect freedoms similar to those found in England's Assize of Clarendon and Magna Carta, such as ending arbitrary arrests and ensuring due legal process.
The drafting committee's work resulted in a constitution that became the basic law of the First Philippine Republic. It was approved by the Malolos Congress on January 21, 1899, and marked a significant step towards independence and self-governance for the Philippines. The constitution's inclusion of liberal principles and the separation of church and state laid the foundation for a representative and accountable government in the newly formed republic.
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It was influenced by the Spanish Constitution of 1869
The Malolos Constitution, also known as the Political Constitution of 1899, was the constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino and was promulgated on January 21, 1899. The constitution included limitations on unsupervised freedom of action by the chief executive, which could have hindered swift decision-making. However, as it was crafted during the Philippine struggle for independence from Spain, Article 99 permitted unrestricted freedom of action for the executive branch during wartime. This unsupervised executive governance remained throughout the Philippine-American War, which erupted soon after the constitution's proclamation.
The Malolos Constitution was influenced by the Spanish Constitution of 1869, which introduced liberal principles and inspired Filipino heroes such as Governor-General Carlos María de la Torre and priest José Burgos. The Spanish document's ideas resonated with Galicano Apacible y Castillo, Graciano López y Jaena, Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán, and national hero José Rizal. The Malolos Constitution aimed to safeguard liberties akin to those guaranteed by England's Assize of Clarendon and Magna Carta, including the prevention of arbitrary arrests and the assurance of due legal process.
The Malolos Constitution played a pivotal role in the fight for Philippine independence and the establishment of the First Philippine Republic. It served as a foundation for independence movements across Latin America and the Philippine Revolution, challenging the legitimacy of colonial rule under the Spanish Empire. The ideas within the Malolos Constitution evolved into the modern concept of popular sovereignty, recognising that political power ultimately rests with the people and that government officials act within the boundaries set by the people.
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It was promulgated on January 21, 1899
The Malolos Constitution, also known as The Political Constitution of 1899, was promulgated on January 21, 1899. It was the first constitution of the First Philippine Republic, which lasted from 1899 to 1901. The constitution was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino. It was drafted as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno. The Malolos Congress was convened on September 15, 1898, and a committee of 18 members was selected to draft a constitution for the republic.
Felipe Calderón, also known as the "Father of the Malolos Constitution", was a lawyer and politician who supported the cause of the Philippine Revolution. He was born in Santa Cruz de Malabon, Cavite, and studied at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila for his primary and secondary education. He received high honours in a Bachelor of Arts degree and later worked in the newspaper industry, writing for several newspapers. He then enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas and completed his studies in 1893. After graduating, he participated in the law office of Cayetano Arellano.
Felipe Buencamino, the other author of the constitution, was also a member of the committee selected to draft the constitution. He, too, was a lawyer and politician who supported the Philippine Revolution. Buencamino was born in 1848 and studied at the University of Santo Tomas, where he excelled in his law studies. He was a member of the Malolos Congress and served as Secretary of Foreign Relations under the First Philippine Republic.
The Malolos Constitution was promulgated after a lengthy debate in the latter part of 1898. It included 27 articles that clearly defined the natural rights and political freedoms of Filipino citizens, including civil liberties such as freedom of speech and religion, as well as protections from abuse and unfair legal treatment. The constitution also placed limitations on unsupervised freedom of action by the chief executive, except during wartime.
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Frequently asked questions
Felipe Calderón y Roca, also known as the "Father of the Malolos Constitution", was the author of the Malolos Constitution.
Felipe Calderón y Roca worked with Felipe Buencamino to write the Malolos Constitution.
No, Felipe Buencamino helped Felipe Calderón y Roca write the Malolos Constitution.
The Malolos Constitution was written in 1899.
