Malcolm Rivera
Specialty courts are designed to handle specific types of cases or populations, such as drug courts, veterans' courts, and juvenile courts. They are different from general jurisdiction courts, which cover a wide variety of legal matters. In Texas, for example, veterans' courts, DWI courts, and drug courts are types of specialty courts. However, it's important to note that not all courts are considered specialty courts, and the definition can vary depending on the jurisdiction.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Type of Court | Courts with general jurisdiction |
| Specialty | No |
| Cases Handled | Wide variety of legal matters |
| Examples | Tax court, Juvenile court, Circuit court, Probate court |
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Drug courts
In California, most adult drug courts are post-adjudication models in which participants are placed in drug court after entering a guilty plea. Charges can be reduced after successful completion of the program. Graduation requirements typically involve the completion of educational and job training requirements, in addition to sobriety.
Family Treatment Drug Courts (FTDCs), also known as dependency drug courts or family drug courts, use a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to serve families requiring substance use disorder treatment and who are involved with the child welfare system.
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Veterans courts
Specialty courts handle specific populations or types of cases, unlike general jurisdiction courts, which cover a wide variety of legal matters. Examples of specialty courts include drug courts, veterans courts, and juvenile courts.
There are several veterans' treatment courts in Massachusetts, including:
- Boston Veterans Court, located in the Central Division of the Boston Municipal Court
- Essex County Veterans Treatment Court, located at Lawrence District Court
- Middlesex County Veterans Treatment Court at the Framingham District Court
- Norfolk County Veterans Treatment Court, located at the Dedham District Court
- Plymouth County Veterans Treatment Court, located at the Brockton District Court
- Western Massachusetts Veterans Treatment Court, located at the Holyoke District Court
- Worcester County Veterans Treatment Court, located at the Gardner District Court
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Juvenile courts
Another important aspect of juvenile courts is their focus on family-related matters. They handle cases involving child abuse or neglect, custody disputes, and visitation rights. This comprehensive approach ensures that the best interests of the child are considered within the legal framework.
In addition to traditional juvenile courts, some jurisdictions have implemented innovative programs such as the Juvenile Specialty Court in the 15th Judicial District of Louisiana. This court was established to address substance abuse issues among non-violent youth offenders. The program provides treatment, education, and accountability to help adolescents lead crime-free and drug-free lives. It also emphasizes the development of life skills and the promotion of healthy relationships with their families and communities.
The Juvenile Specialty Court is structured as a four-phase program, with each phase lasting approximately 6 to 9 months. Participants are required to make frequent appearances before a judge, undergo random drug screening, adhere to strict curfew requirements, and engage in individual, family, and group counselling. This comprehensive approach aims to address the underlying issues contributing to substance abuse and criminal activity among youth.
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Circuit courts
Specialty courts handle specific populations or types of cases, in contrast to general jurisdiction courts, which cover a wide array of legal matters. Examples of specialty courts include drug courts, veterans' courts, and juvenile courts.
In the United States, circuit courts hear appeals from a randomly selected panel of three judges. Some cases, however, receive an 'en banc' hearing, which means that all of the circuit judges who are on active status hear the case. The circuit with the most appellate judges is the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, with 29 judges.
In Florida, circuit courts hear all criminal and civil matters not within the jurisdiction of county courts, including criminal felonies, juvenile delinquency and dependency, divorce, probate, guardianship, and civil matters over $50,000.
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Probate courts
Specialty courts handle specific populations or types of cases, unlike general jurisdiction courts, which cover a wide variety of legal matters. Examples of specialty courts include drug courts, veterans' courts, and juvenile courts.
In Connecticut, for example, probate courts also handle the process of appointing conservators—individuals who are appointed to oversee someone else's financial or personal affairs. Other issues handled by probate courts include name changes, quarantine and isolation orders for public health, and removal of life support.
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