
Persuasion is a powerful tool in diplomacy, frequently used in diplomatic settings to influence and shape behaviours. It is an essential part of our social fabric, defining us as humans. Persuasion in diplomacy can take many forms, from rhetorical arguments to peripheral cues, historical images, and a nation's background and reputation. It can be used to create a persuasion-friendly context, as seen in the Oslo negotiations, where a homely atmosphere helped Israeli and Palestinian interlocutors realise common ground. Persuasion in diplomacy is also evolving with the rise of social media, where it can enable collective change. While propaganda has long been used as a tool for mass persuasion in diplomacy, today, public diplomacy is becoming more prominent, with citizen bloggers acting as public diplomats.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Persuasion is an essential part of our social fabric | N/A |
| Persuasion is a powerful tool frequently used in diplomatic settings | N/A |
| Persuasion is a form of bilateral influence | N/A |
| Persuasion is a matter of social context than pure rhetoric | N/A |
| Persuasion is a matter of teamwork | N/A |
| Persuasion is a form of negotiation | N/A |
| Persuasion is a skill based on oratory and personal relations | N/A |
| Persuasion is an individual skill | N/A |
| Persuasion is a powerful tool for shaping behaviour | N/A |
| Persuasion is a form of rhetorical influence | N/A |
| Persuasion is a technique for managing public opinion | N/A |
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What You'll Learn

Persuasion as a bilateral influence tool
Persuasion is a powerful tool that is frequently used in diplomatic settings. However, compared to more overt forms of diplomacy such as economic sanctions and military coercion, it is understudied.
Persuasion is an essential part of our social fabric. We spend half our time persuading or being persuaded, be it in our family, at work, or in social settings. In the context of diplomacy, persuasion is a form of bilateral influence. For instance, the United States employs persuasion to shape China's behaviour.
Diplomats are trained in various skills, including communication, assertiveness, and negotiation techniques. Interestingly, Russian diplomats are taught at the start of their careers to "never move to accept anything proposed by the other side, especially if you agree with it, without exacting the best possible price for changing position!". On the other hand, British diplomats are given significant responsibility early on and are encouraged to work collaboratively in a culture of unquestioned teamwork. This free flow of information allows experts to attack a problem from multiple angles and identify clever ways of incorporating negotiating tactics.
The demands of persuasion differ for policymakers and foreign audiences. Foreign publics, according to Anholt, respond better to peripheral cues, historical images, and the "background" of national reputation rather than the deliberative arguments typical of traditional diplomacy. Public diplomacy, therefore, should focus on repairing and constructing the background reputation of a nation.
Persuasion in diplomacy is also influenced by social context and teamwork. For example, the Oslo negotiations brought Israeli and Palestinian interlocutors together in a homely atmosphere, helping them realise their shared commonalities. Similarly, journalists play a role in diplomatic persuasion by influencing public opinion through their reporting.
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Persuasion in public diplomacy
Persuasion is a powerful tool in diplomatic settings, but it is often understudied compared to more overt forms of diplomacy like economic sanctions and military coercion. It is an essential part of our social fabric and can be a force for positive change, such as overcoming impulsive hatreds and fostering respectful public dialogue.
In the context of public diplomacy, persuasion methods differ depending on the audience. Traditional diplomacy, aimed at foreign policy elites, operates in a more deliberative mode, considering the merits of a policy for its own sake. In contrast, public diplomacy targets foreign publics, who, according to Anholt, respond better to peripheral cues, historical images, and the "background" of national reputation. Public audiences pay attention to the broader context of a nation's actions and are less receptive to short-term, reactive, or commercial-style interventions.
Public diplomacy should reflect what genuinely persuades publics about nations and policies, repairing and constructing a nation's background reputation. It is crucial to incorporate feedback mechanisms into foreign policy to understand public opinion better. However, the role of persuasion in public diplomacy campaigns is still evolving, and there is a lack of consensus on how it should be effectively employed.
The modern world of diplomacy is also influenced by the rise of social media and technology. Persuasion is evolving from individual agency to collective change, with social media platforms facilitating the spread of ideas and influencing social dynamics. Additionally, the success of persuasive diplomacy often relies on teamwork and collaboration among diplomats and experts.
Diplomats must adapt their strategies to effectively persuade diverse audiences and navigate the complexities of public opinion in an era of technological advancement.
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Persuasion as a social context
Persuasion is a powerful tool that is frequently used in diplomatic settings. However, it is often understudied compared to more overt forms of diplomacy like economic sanctions and military coercion.
Persuasion is much more than the rhetoric it is often associated with; it is an essential part of our social fabric. We spend half of our time persuading or being persuaded, whether it is within our families, at work, or in social settings.
In the context of diplomacy, persuasion can be understood as a social context rather than pure rhetoric. It is an important enabler of social change, as seen with the increasing influence of social media, where persuasion evolves from individual agency to collective change. For example, the Oslo negotiations demonstrated how a persuasion-friendly context can be created. By bringing Israeli and Palestinian interlocutors together in a homely atmosphere, they were able to find common ground and take the first step towards an agreement.
The demands of persuasion differ for policy-makers and foreign publics. Foreign publics, according to Anholt, respond better to peripheral cues, historical images, and the "background" of national reputation rather than the deliberative arguments typical of traditional diplomacy. Public audiences pay attention to the larger context of a nation's actions. Therefore, public diplomacy should focus on repairing and constructing the background reputation of a nation to effectively persuade foreign publics about nations and policies.
Additionally, the rise of citizen bloggers and social media influencers has expanded the scope of public diplomacy. Today, a citizen blogger can be as influential as an Undersecretary of State for Public Affairs in shaping public opinion and engaging in persuasive diplomacy.
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Persuasion in the media
Persuasion is an essential part of our social fabric. It is a skill that is present in daily life and used practically all the time. We try to persuade verbally, tacitly, and increasingly online.
The media plays a critical role in persuasive diplomacy. It can be a tool for diplomats to persuade others about a nation's image and policies. However, it can also be a challenge, as the pressure of lobbies and the need to respond rapidly to information that is wrong can influence public opinion and the success of persuasive efforts.
The role of the media in persuasive diplomacy is complex. On the one hand, the media can be used to shape public opinion and influence policy decisions. It can also be a tool for diplomats to get their message across and persuade others of their point of view. On the other hand, the media can also be a source of misinformation and negative publicity, which can hinder diplomatic efforts.
In the modern era of "'technolisation", the media's influence is ever-growing. This presents a challenge for diplomats, who must navigate an enormous media web that is constantly on the prowl for information. This makes it difficult to keep any part of the negotiation process a secret, which can be crucial for the success of persuasive efforts.
To effectively use the media for persuasive diplomacy, diplomats must be aware of the social context and work as a team. They must also maintain an open, trustworthy, and reliable atmosphere, keeping in mind the general good and the benefit of all parties involved.
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Persuasion in multilateral negotiations
Persuasion is a powerful tool that is frequently used in diplomatic settings, but it is understudied compared to more overt forms of diplomacy like economic sanctions and military coercion. Persuasion is much more than the rhetoric it is often associated with; it is an essential part of our social fabric. We try to persuade verbally, tacitly, and increasingly online.
To be successful in multilateral negotiations, individuals need a well-organized team of diplomats and experts. In the British model, hoarding information is strongly discouraged. Facts and analysis flow freely and widely, almost independently of hierarchy. This allows experts to attack a problem from all angles and identify clever ways of incorporating negotiating 'fat' (scraps of concessions to be thrown out when necessary).
Persuasion is also a matter of social context. The Oslo negotiations are an example of how to create a persuasion-friendly context. The negotiations started with Israeli and Palestinian interlocutors spending a long weekend at the summer house of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Norway, creating a homely atmosphere that helped them realize they had more in common than they thought.
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Frequently asked questions
Persuasive diplomacy is a form of bilateral influence, used as a tool to shape the behaviour of another nation.
A well-known example of persuasive diplomacy is the Oslo negotiations. The Israeli and Palestinian interlocutors spent a long weekend at the Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs' summer house with his family. This homely atmosphere allowed them to realise their shared commonalities and was the first step in the negotiations.
Persuasive diplomacy and propaganda differ in that the former is a form of bilateral influence, whereas propaganda is a tool used to cultivate the mass mind in service to the source's goals.
Persuasion in diplomacy has evolved with the advent of social media. Social media allows for persuasion to evolve from an individual agency to collective change. For example, the current negotiations in Geneva regarding trade, health, the internet, and human rights.
Persuasive diplomacy is an essential skill for diplomats, who must be able to utilise a variety of negotiation techniques. For example, creating a persuasion-friendly context, as seen in the Oslo negotiations, or utilising peripheral cues, historical images, and the national reputation of a country.

























