
Kazan is a diverse city in Russia with a population of over 1.2 million people. It is the country's fifth-largest city and the most populous city on the Volga. The city's population is split almost evenly between ethnic Russians (48.6%) and ethnic Tatars (47.6%). Other ethnic groups in Kazan include Chuvash, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Azerbaijanis, Mari, Jews, Ukrainians, Belarusians, and Poles. The predominant faiths in Kazan are Islam and Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with minority representation of other religions such as Judaism and the Baháʼí Faith. The city's architecture and culture reflect a blend of eastern and western influences, making it a unique and fascinating place.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Largest ethnic group | Russians |
| % of Kazan's population that is Russian | 46.9% to 50.8% |
| Second-largest ethnic group | Tatars |
| % of Kazan's population that is Tatar | 42.1% to 48.8% |
| Other ethnicities | Chuvash, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Azerbaijanis, Mari, Jews, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles, Germans, Assyrians, and others |
| Population | 1,308,660 (2021 Census); 1,143,535 (2010 Census); 1,105,289 (2002 Census); 1,094,378 (1989 Soviet census) |
| Metropolitan area population | 1.8 million |
| Area | 425.3 square kilometres (164.2 square miles) |
| Language | Russian (most common), Tatar (second most common) |
| Religion | Islam, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism, Baháʼí Faith |
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What You'll Learn

Ethnic Tatars make up 48.8% of Kazan's population
Kazan is a diverse city with a population of over 1.2 million people. The city is the largest in the Russian region of Tatarstan and is its capital. It is also the fifth-largest city in Russia.
The population of Kazan is almost evenly split between ethnic Russians and ethnic Tatars, with the Tatars constituting 48.8% of the population. The Tatars are the predominant ethnic group in rural locales, with 67.3% of the population in these areas. In the city, however, Russians are the largest ethnic group, making up 46.9% of the population. This is a slight decrease from the 1989 census, which recorded 50.8% of urbanites in Tatarstan as Russians.
The Tatar and Russian languages are heard in roughly equal measure on the city's streets, and Kazan's architecture blends eastern and western styles. The predominant faiths in the city are Islam and Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with minority representations of other religions, including Judaism.
Interviews with Kazan residents who identify as Tatars or Russians have revealed differences in their cultural practices, observance of traditional rites and holidays, and how their ethnic identities manifest in their cultural preferences. Despite these differences, shared attitudes, values, and cultural preferences transcend these ethnic boundaries.
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Ethnic Russians constitute 46.9% of the population
Kazan is the largest city and capital of Tatarstan, Russia. It has a population of over 1.3 million, with nearly 2 million residents in the greater metropolitan area. The city is extremely diverse, with a blend of Eastern and Western cultures. The population is almost evenly split between ethnic Russians (46.9%) and ethnic Tatars (48.8%). Other ethnic groups include Chuvash, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Azerbaijanis, and Mari.
Russians constitute the largest ethnic group in Kazan, though they account for less than half of the city's population. The city's population consists mostly of ethnic Tatars and Russians, with other groups making up smaller proportions. The Tatar and Russian languages are commonly heard in the city, and Kazan's architecture blends Eastern and Western styles.
The multiplicity of ethnic and cultural identities in Kazan is influenced by whether residents originate from rural or urban areas. There are substantive differences in language practices, traditional rites and holiday observances, and how ethnic identities are expressed culturally. Despite these differences, interviews with Kazan residents reveal shared attitudes, values, and cultural preferences across ethnic groups.
Historically, Kazan was the capital of the Khanate of Kazan and was conquered by Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century, becoming part of the Tsardom of Russia. The city has since grown to become a major industrial, cultural, and religious centre in Russia.
In summary, Kazan is a diverse city with a rich history, and ethnic Russians constitute 46.9% of its population, making them the largest ethnic group in the city. The city also has a significant presence of ethnic Tatars and other ethnic minorities, contributing to its unique blend of cultures and traditions.
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The city's remaining population includes Chuvash, Uzbeks, Azerbaijanis, and Mari
The remaining population of Kazan is made up of a diverse range of ethnic groups, including the Chuvash, Uzbeks, Azerbaijanis, and Mari people, each with their own unique history, culture, and traditions.
The Chuvash people, also known as the Chuvash Tatars, are a Turkic ethnic group with roots tracing back to the Oğurs. They primarily inhabit the Russian republic of Chuvashia and surrounding areas, but Chuvash communities can also be found throughout Russia and Central Asia. The Chuvash language, which diverged from other Turkic languages over a millennium ago, is still spoken by this ethnic group.
Uzbeks, another Turkic-speaking group, have a complex ethnogenesis influenced by various ancient peoples. Modern-day Uzbeks share significant ancestry with other Turkic populations in Central Asia, and their language, culture, and identity have been shaped by historical events such as the Turkic Khaganate rule.
Azerbaijanis, or Azeris, are also a Turkic people with roots in Iran's northwestern historic region of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Azerbaijan. They have a rich history, including achievements in state-building, architecture, and the sciences, and have experienced rule by various empires, including the Arabs, Safavids, and Russians.
The Mari people, on the other hand, are a Finno-Ugric group from Eastern Europe, traditionally living along the Volga and Kama rivers in Russia. They have two main subgroups, the Meadow Mari and the Hill (or Mountain) Mari, each with distinct dialects and cultural traditions.
These four ethnic groups contribute to the cultural diversity of Kazan, bringing their unique languages, customs, and histories to the city.
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The Azeri community is one of the city's biggest minorities
The Azeri community is one of the biggest minorities in the city of Kazan, Russia. The city is home to a diverse range of ethnic groups, with the population consisting mostly of ethnic Tatars (48.8%) and ethnic Russians (46.9%). Other notable ethnicities include Chuvash (1.2%), Uzbeks, Tajiks, Azerbaijanis, and Mari.
The Azeri community, also known as Azerbaijanis, has a significant presence in Kazan. They are part of the larger Azeri communities found in countries like Turkey, Ukraine, Russia, Armenia, Iraq, Iran, and their homeland, Azerbaijan. The Azeri people have a rich history and unique cultural practices. Traditionally, the Azeris had a clan-based family structure, with clans bearing the name of a common ancestor. Clan members provided mutual aid and support to each other, and they often acted as a unified entity in business matters.
Azeri marriages in the past were usually within the family, with a preference for unions between first cousins. Marrying outside the Azeri community was almost unheard of before the Soviet era. Their society was also marked by polygyny, where having more than one wife was permitted in cases of infertility. The dominant religion among the Azeris is Shia Islam, specifically the Ithna Ashari (Twelver's) tradition, which emphasizes the importance of 12 divinely ordained leaders. There are also some Sunni Muslims within the community.
The Azeri community in Kazan contributes to the city's cultural and economic landscape. Many members of the community own cafes or work in the construction industry. Their presence adds to the vibrant mix of cultures in Kazan, which has been a major industrial, cultural, and religious centre in Russia. The city's trolleybus system, one of the oldest in Russia, and the recent construction of new tram lines, showcase the ongoing development of the city's infrastructure.
Kazan has a population of over 1.3 million residents, with nearly 2 million in the greater metropolitan area. The city is renowned for its mix of Tatar and Russian influences and attracts tourists from around the world. The rich cultural and ethnic diversity of Kazan, including the presence of the Azeri community, shapes the character and identity of this historic city.
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Jewish people in Kazan number in the tens of thousands
The Jewish community in Kazan, Russia, is a significant presence in the city, with a population numbering in the tens of thousands. The community has a long history in the city, dating back to the 19th century.
Kazan, the largest city and capital of Tatarstan, has a population of over 1.3 million, with nearly 2 million residents in the greater metropolitan area. The city's population consists mostly of ethnic Tatars (48.8%) and Russians (46.9%). The Jewish community in Kazan is a diverse group, with some speaking Russian with a Ukrainian accent, while others speak Tatar.
The formation of the Jewish community in Kazan began in 1861, when 184 Jews lived in the city, most of them veterans of the Czar's army. By 1897, the Jewish population had increased to 1,467, and it continued to grow during World War I as refugees and Jews from Lithuania arrived in the city. In 1926, the Jewish population in Kazan was 4,156, making up 2.3% of the city's population. During the Soviet era, Jewish life faced repression, and many Jews left for the United States and Israel under Gorbachev's rule. Despite these challenges, the community persevered, and by 1970, the Jewish population in Kazan was estimated at 8,000.
After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Jewish community in Kazan reorganized and established several communal organizations. Today, the community thrives, with a population in the tens of thousands. During World War II, many refugees from the Western Soviet Union were deported to Kazan, including Jews, Ukrainians, Belarusians, and Poles, further contributing to the diversity of the Jewish community.
The Jewish community in Kazan has faced both challenges and opportunities throughout its history. Despite repression during the Soviet era, the community has reorganized and established a strong presence in the city. The diverse group speaks multiple languages and has contributed to the cultural fabric of Kazan, showcasing the resilience and adaptability of the Jewish people in the city.
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Frequently asked questions
Tatars.
The Tatar language, which is the second most spoken language in Kazan after Russian.
Kazan has a population of over 1.3 million residents, with nearly 2 million residents in the greater metropolitan area.
























