
The first US Constitution, the Articles of Confederation, was ratified in 1781. It created a loose confederation of sovereign states, with a weak central government and no enforcement powers. It also couldn't regulate commerce or print money. The states' disputes over territory, war pensions, taxation and trade threatened to tear the young country apart. This led to the Articles being replaced by a new constitution.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Name | The Articles of Confederation |
| Date | 15 November 1777 |
| Ratification | 1 March 1781 |
| Confederation | Loose/war-time confederation of sovereign states |
| Central government | Weak/extremely limited |
| Powers | No enforcement powers, couldn't regulate commerce, print money or tax |
| Voting | By states |
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What You'll Learn
- The Articles of Confederation were the first US constitution
- The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states
- The Articles gave the Confederation Congress the power to make rules
- The Articles couldn't be enforced and couldn't regulate commerce
- The Articles were replaced by the US Constitution

The Articles of Confederation were the first US constitution
The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was the first constitution of the United States. The Articles provided for a weak executive branch, no national power of taxation, and voting by states. The document made official some of the procedures used by the Congress to conduct business, but many of the delegates realised the Articles had limitations.
The Articles gave the Confederation Congress the power to make rules and request funds from the states, but it had no enforcement powers, couldn’t regulate commerce, or print money. The states’ disputes over territory, war pensions, taxation, and trade threatened to tear the young country apart.
Alexander Hamilton helped convince Congress to organise a Grand Convention of state delegates to work on revising the Articles of Confederation.
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The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states
The Articles of Confederation, the first US constitution, created a loose confederation of sovereign states. The Articles were adopted by the Continental Congress on 15 November 1777, but the states did not ratify them until 1781. The Articles provided for a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments. The Confederation Congress was given the power to make rules and request funds from the states, but it had no enforcement powers, couldn't regulate commerce, or print money. The document made official some of the procedures used by Congress to conduct business, but many of the delegates realised the Articles had limitations.
The Articles of Confederation created a war-time confederation of states, with an extremely limited central government. There was no national power of taxation, and voting was done by states. Once peace removed the rationale of wartime necessity, the weaknesses of the 1777 Articles of Confederation became increasingly apparent. Divisions among the states and even local rebellions threatened to destroy the fruits of the Revolution.
The Articles of Confederation were replaced by the United States Constitution, which is still in effect today.
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The Articles gave the Confederation Congress the power to make rules
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. It was adopted by the Continental Congress on 15 November 1777, but the states did not ratify them until 1781. The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments.
The Articles formed a war-time confederation of states, with an extremely limited central government. Once peace removed the rationale of wartime necessity, the weaknesses of the 1777 Articles of Confederation became increasingly apparent. Divisions among the states and even local rebellions threatened to tear the young country apart.
The Articles provided for a weak executive branch, no national power of taxation, and voting by states. The states' disputes over territory, war pensions, taxation, and trade threatened to tear the young country apart. Alexander Hamilton helped convince Congress to organise a Grand Convention of state delegates to work on revising the Articles of Confederation.
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The Articles couldn't be enforced and couldn't regulate commerce
The Articles of Confederation, the first US constitution, was adopted by the Continental Congress on 15 November 1777, but the states did not ratify them until 1781. The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments.
The Articles of Confederation had no enforcement powers and could not regulate commerce or print money. This meant that the Confederation Congress had the power to make rules and request funds from the states, but it could not enforce these rules or requests. The Articles also formed a war-time confederation of states, with an extremely limited central government. This meant that the central government had very little power to regulate commerce or resolve disputes between the states.
The lack of enforcement powers and the inability to regulate commerce were significant weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. These weaknesses became increasingly apparent once the rationale of wartime necessity was removed. Divisions among the states and even local rebellions threatened to destroy the fruits of the Revolution. The states’ disputes over territory, war pensions, taxation, and trade threatened to tear the young country apart.
Recognising these weaknesses, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and George Washington helped convince Congress to organise a Grand Convention of state delegates to work on revising the Articles of Confederation. This led to the creation of the United States Constitution, which replaced the Articles of Confederation as the supreme law of the land.
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The Articles were replaced by the US Constitution
The Articles of Confederation were replaced by the US Constitution. The Articles were the first constitution of the United States, adopted by the Continental Congress on 15 November 1777, but they were not ratified by the states until 1781.
The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments. They provided for a weak executive branch, no national power of taxation, and voting by states. The Articles also gave the Confederation Congress the power to make rules and request funds from the states, but it had no enforcement powers, couldn't regulate commerce, or print money.
Once peace removed the rationale of wartime necessity, the weaknesses of the Articles became increasingly apparent. Divisions among the states and even local rebellions threatened to destroy the fruits of the Revolution. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and George Washington feared their young country was on the brink of collapse. Alexander Hamilton helped convince Congress to organise a Grand Convention of state delegates to work on revising the Articles.
The US Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation and provided a stronger central government with more powers.
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Frequently asked questions
The Articles of Confederation, approved by the Second Continental Congress in 1777, was the first US constitution.
The Articles of Confederation created a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments. It also had no enforcement powers, couldn't regulate commerce, or print money.
Alexander Hamilton helped convince Congress to organise a Grand Convention of state delegates to work on revising the Articles of Confederation.
The US Constitution, which was ratified in 1781.

























