
A breach of fiduciary duty can constitute a claim under various circumstances, including business disputes between owners, trustees of a trust, and guardianship. To establish a breach of fiduciary duty claim, the plaintiff must prove four elements: the existence of a fiduciary duty, a breach of that duty, damages, and causation. The plaintiff must demonstrate that the breach caused their damages and that the defendant's conduct substantially contributed to their injury. The remedies for a breach of fiduciary duty are typically equitable, aiming to compensate the plaintiff for their losses and any gains made by the defendant due to the breach. In some cases, punitive damages may be awarded for intentional or deliberate wrongdoing. Understanding the obligations and consequences of a fiduciary duty is essential for protecting the rights of both parties involved.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Fiduciary duty | A duty of utmost good faith, trust, confidence, and candor owed by a fiduciary to the beneficiary |
| Existence of a fiduciary duty | The defendant was acting as a fiduciary of the plaintiff |
| Breach of fiduciary duty | The defendant breached a fiduciary duty to the plaintiff |
| Damages | The plaintiff must prove that damages arose from the breach |
| Causation | The plaintiff must show that the damages were caused by the defendant's breach of fiduciary duty |
| Standing to sue | The party has standing to sue when they are owed a fiduciary duty and have been harmed by its breach |
| Remedies | Money damages, punitive damages, equitable remedies |
| Fiduciary relationships | Trustee-beneficiary, business partners, employer-employee, lawyer-client, corporate officers-shareholders, guardianship |
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What You'll Learn

What constitutes a breach of fiduciary duty?
A fiduciary duty is a duty of utmost good faith, trust, confidence, and candour owed by a fiduciary (such as an agent or a trustee) to the beneficiary. A fiduciary is expected to act with the highest degree of honesty and loyalty toward the other person and in their best interests.
A breach of fiduciary duty occurs when there is a violation of this duty through an act or omission. This can include situations where the fiduciary acts with a conflict of interest, engages in self-dealing, or fails to act in the best interests of the beneficiary.
To establish a breach of fiduciary duty claim, the plaintiff must typically prove four elements:
- The existence of a fiduciary duty: This requires proving that the defendant was acting as a fiduciary of the plaintiff, which may arise from a specific statutory provision, common law, or a contractual or agency relationship.
- Breach of that duty: The plaintiff must show that the defendant breached their fiduciary duty to the plaintiff, such as by acting with a conflict of interest or failing to act in the plaintiff's best interests.
- Damages: The plaintiff must prove that they suffered damages or loss as a result of the breach. The damages may include the loss to the plaintiff or the benefit derived by the defendant at the plaintiff's expense, as well as lost opportunities for profit.
- Causation: The plaintiff must demonstrate that their damages were caused by the defendant's breach of fiduciary duty. This element is satisfied when the plaintiff proves that the defendant's conduct was a substantial contributing cause of the injury.
It is important to note that the standard for proving a breach of fiduciary duty can vary depending on the jurisdiction, and the specific duties and relationships that give rise to fiduciary obligations can also differ based on industry or transaction type.
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What is a 93A claim?
A 93A claim refers to a claim under Chapter 93A, which is a Massachusetts law prohibiting unfair or deceptive trade practices. While I could not find explicit information on what constitutes a 93A claim, I did find information on breach of fiduciary duty claims, which can arise from a breach of contract or a breach of the duty of loyalty, good faith, and candour that a fiduciary owes to the beneficiary.
A fiduciary duty is a duty of utmost good faith, trust, confidence, and candour owed by a fiduciary (such as an agent, trustee, lawyer, corporate officer, or employee) to the beneficiary (such as the agent's principal, the beneficiaries of a trust, a lawyer's client, a shareholder, or an employer). Fiduciaries are expected to act with the highest degree of honesty and loyalty toward the beneficiary and in their best interests. This includes a duty to exercise reasonable care and skill and to deal impartially with beneficiaries.
To constitute a breach of fiduciary duty, the following elements must typically be proven:
- The existence of a fiduciary duty: The defendant was acting as a fiduciary of the plaintiff, and a fiduciary relationship existed between them.
- Breach of fiduciary duty: The defendant breached their fiduciary duty to the plaintiff through an act or omission.
- Damages: The plaintiff suffered damages or loss as a result of the breach.
- Causation: The plaintiff's damages were caused by the defendant's breach of fiduciary duty. The plaintiff must prove that the defendant's conduct was a substantial contributing cause of the injury or loss.
If a plaintiff succeeds in proving a breach of fiduciary duty claim, various remedies are available to make the plaintiff "whole." These remedies are typically equitable in nature, intended to put the plaintiff in the position they would have been in had the breach not occurred. Money damages may be awarded to the plaintiff, including the amount the plaintiff would have had but for the breach and any additional losses caused by the breach.
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Examples of fiduciary relationships
A fiduciary relationship is when one party (the beneficiary) places trust and confidence in another party (the fiduciary) to act in their best interest and help them make important decisions—typically in business, finance, or managing assets.
Trustee and Beneficiary
A trustee has a fiduciary duty to exercise good faith and act for the benefit of the trust's beneficiaries. Trustees are expected to act with the utmost good faith and loyalty while acting on behalf of the beneficiaries. They must disclose all information that could impact the beneficiaries or their ability to uphold their fiduciary duties. For example, a breach of duty would be if the executor of an estate failed to tell the beneficiaries about the existence of some assets that belonged to the estate and didn't account for or disburse them.
Guardians and Wards
An adult designated as the legal guardian of a minor child in a guardian/ward relationship is responsible for ensuring that all matters related to the daily welfare of the child are dealt with responsibly and in the child's best interests. This includes deciding where the child will attend school, arranging healthcare, and providing an allowance.
Attorney and Client
The agreement between an attorney and a client is one of the most stringent fiduciary relationships. As a fiduciary, an attorney must act with fairness, loyalty, care, and within the law on behalf of the client. Attorneys can be sued by clients for breaches of their fiduciary duties and are accountable to the court in which a client is represented when a breach occurs.
Financial Advisers and Investors
Financial advisers acting for investors is another example of a fiduciary relationship. Personal investors place their trust in fund managers to manage their assets.
Company Executives and Shareholders
Company executives acting for stockholders is another example of a fiduciary relationship. Executives of a company have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of the company's shareholders.
It is important to note that the specific duties and responsibilities within a fiduciary relationship may vary depending on the industry, transaction, or nature of the relationship.
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Remedies for breach of fiduciary duty
A fiduciary is someone or an entity with a legal and ethical duty to act in the best interests of others. A breach of fiduciary duty can take many forms, including mishandling assets, insider trading, and violation of confidentiality. When a breach occurs, the consequences can be severe, and legal remedies are available for affected individuals or entities.
There are several remedies for a breach of fiduciary duty, including:
- Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): Mediation and arbitration are commonly used to resolve disputes without going to court. This method can be stipulated in a contract or agreement.
- Legal Action and Monetary Compensation: Affected parties can pursue legal action in court and seek monetary compensation for financial losses resulting from the breach.
- Equitable Remedies: The court may grant equitable remedies, including injunctions, full accounting, rescission of the contract that led to the breach, and profit disgorgement.
- Removal of Fiduciary: Fiduciaries who breach their duties may be removed from their positions.
- Shareholder Derivative Lawsuits: Shareholders can initiate lawsuits on behalf of the corporation, alleging that the fiduciary's breach harmed the organization.
- Direct Lawsuits: The organization itself can sue the fiduciary for breach of duty, seeking compensation for financial losses and damage to its reputation.
It is important to note that the specific remedies available may vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specifics of each case. To prove a breach of fiduciary duty, the plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant was acting as their fiduciary, breached their duty, and caused damages to the plaintiff as a result of the breach.
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Proving a breach of fiduciary duty
A fiduciary duty is defined as a duty of utmost good faith, trust, confidence, and candour owed by a fiduciary, such as an agent or a trustee, to the beneficiary. Fiduciary duties arise from fiduciary relationships, which occur between two people when one person is under a duty to act on behalf of or advise another for their benefit on matters within the scope of that relationship.
To prove a breach of fiduciary duty, four elements must be demonstrated:
- Existence of a fiduciary duty: The defendant must have been in a fiduciary role, acting in the best interests of the plaintiff. This role can be taken on by anyone who has a responsibility to act in the interests of another person, such as agents, trustees, lawyers, corporate officers, partners, and board members.
- Breach of that duty: The defendant must have breached their fiduciary duty to the plaintiff, failing to fulfill their obligations. This could include misappropriation of assets, conflict of interest, self-dealing, negligent management, poor record-keeping, failure to distribute, profiting at the employer's expense, mismanagement of funds, exposing the business to liability, and damaging the goodwill of the company.
- Injury to the plaintiff: The plaintiff must have suffered measurable damages as a direct result of the defendant's breach. These damages can include lost profits, out-of-pocket losses, and mental anguish damages.
- Causation: The defendant's breach of fiduciary duty must have directly caused the damages suffered by the plaintiff. The plaintiff must prove that the defendant's conduct was a substantial contributing cause of the injury.
If a plaintiff succeeds in proving a breach of fiduciary duty claim, various remedies are available to make the plaintiff "whole." These remedies are typically equitable in nature, aiming to restore the plaintiff to the position they would have been in had the breach not occurred. Money damages may be awarded to provide the plaintiff with the amount they would have had if not for the breach.
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