Isabella Carter
Diplomacy and cooperation are essential tools in the fight against terrorism. Terrorist groups such as ISIS, al-Qa'ida, and Hizballah pose a significant threat to global security and stability, and countries have recognized the need to work together to counter this threat. Through diplomacy and cooperation, states can share information, strengthen law enforcement, improve border security, and disrupt terrorist financing. Organizations like the United Nations, NATO, and the State Department play a crucial role in facilitating this collaboration, promoting information exchange, and developing counter-terrorism strategies. By fostering cooperation and coordination among nations, these organizations help to enhance global security and protect citizens from the dangers of terrorism.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of COEs accredited by NATO | 30 |
| Year of approval of NATO Battlefield Evidence Policy | October 2020 |
| Year NATO invoked its collective defence clause | 2001 |
| Number of Anti-Terrorism Task Forces created by the U.S. | 93 |
| Year Osama bin Laden financed the development of a highly-addictive liquid heroin | 2001 |
| Number of participants in the 2021 and 2023 NATO counter-terrorism courses | 50 |
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What You'll Learn
- The US Department of State works with international partners to counter terrorism
- NATO's counter-terrorism efforts include information sharing and cooperation with the EU and UN
- The US Department of Justice launched the Responsible Cooperators Program to incentivise information sharing
- The US has agreements with Canada to protect borders and prevent terrorist entry
- The US State Department works to prevent terrorists from acquiring WMDs
The US Department of State works with international partners to counter terrorism
In addition to its domestic efforts, the State Department engages in diplomacy and international cooperation to counter terrorism. This includes conducting visa operations and leading diplomatic initiatives to gain international support for deterring threats to critical infrastructure, such as travel, communications, information systems, transportation, and energy. The State Department also works with partners like NATO and the European Union to promote stability and cooperation on global issues, including counterterrorism. They also collaborate with other international organizations such as the United Nations, INTERPOL, and the European Union to facilitate the sharing of battlefield information for law enforcement purposes, including the prosecution of foreign terrorist fighters.
The State Department also plays a crucial role in countering the financing of terrorism, particularly regarding narcotics and international crime. They formulate and implement international narcotics control strategies and work to prevent the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by terrorist groups. The Department also promotes transformational diplomacy by advancing environmental stewardship, encouraging economic growth, and supporting social development globally. This includes addressing climate change and energy security challenges, which are interconnected and require a global response.
Furthermore, the State Department produces the annual Country Reports on Terrorism, which provides a congressionally mandated assessment of trends in international terrorism, foreign government cooperation, state sponsors of terrorism, foreign terrorist organizations, and terrorist safe havens. This report facilitates transparency and helps guide counterterrorism strategies. The Department also leverages its diplomatic presence and programs to advance US foreign policy goals and maintain a strong position in the fight against terrorism worldwide.
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NATO's counter-terrorism efforts include information sharing and cooperation with the EU and UN
NATO's counter-terrorism efforts are focused on three main areas: awareness, capabilities, and engagement. The organisation has implemented various measures to enhance information sharing and cooperation with the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN) in the fight against terrorism.
One key aspect of NATO's counter-terrorism efforts is the establishment of the Centre of Excellence for Defence Against Terrorism (COE-DAT) in Ankara, Türkiye. The COE-DAT serves as a hub for international dialogue and discussion on counter-terrorism, engaging with over 50 countries and 40 organisations. Additionally, NATO has delivered in-person counter-terrorism courses through Mobile Education and Training Teams at the NATO-Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI) Regional Centre in Kuwait, benefiting participants from NATO partner countries in the Gulf.
In terms of information sharing, NATO and the EU have agreed to boost their cooperation by strengthening the exchange of information and coordinating their counter-terrorism support for partner countries. This includes working together to improve national resilience to terrorist attacks. NATO's Battlefield Evidence Policy, approved in October 2020, also facilitates the sharing of information obtained on NATO missions and operations with law enforcement organisations, including the UN, INTERPOL, and the EU. This policy supports allies in holding foreign fighters accountable, as outlined in United Nations Security Council Resolution 2396.
NATO also works closely with the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee, the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force, and its component organisations, such as the UN Office on Drugs and Crime. This cooperation ensures that views and information are shared effectively, and appropriate action can be taken in the fight against terrorism. Additionally, NATO has contributed to improved civil-military coordination of air traffic control by working with organisations such as EUROCONTROL, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and the US Federal Aviation Administration, to enhance aviation security after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
Furthermore, NATO and the EU have endorsed continued close cooperation, agreeing on 34 new actions to deepen their collaboration in counter-terrorism, military mobility, and women's role in peace and security. This includes addressing new challenges, such as the use of civilian aircraft as weapons in terrorist attacks, and promoting a holistic approach to counter-terrorism efforts.
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The US Department of Justice launched the Responsible Cooperators Program to incentivise information sharing
The fight against terrorism is a global issue that requires international cooperation. In this context, the US Department of Justice launched the Responsible Cooperators Program, which exemplifies how states use diplomacy and cooperation to combat terrorists. This program incentivises information sharing by offering immigration benefits to non-citizens who provide information that helps apprehend terrorists or prevent terrorist attacks. This strategy recognises that information is a powerful tool in countering terrorism and that cooperation from individuals with unique insights is invaluable.
The program's incentives demonstrate a pragmatic approach to encouraging cooperation, as furnishing information can be a risky endeavour for individuals, especially those with immigration-related concerns. By offering immigration benefits, the program provides a measure of protection and incentive for non-citizens to come forward with crucial information. This approach leverages the bargaining power of the state while also addressing the needs of individuals who want to contribute to counterterrorism efforts but may have their own vulnerabilities.
The Responsible Cooperators Program is part of a broader strategy by the US Department of Justice to enhance information gathering and sharing in the fight against terrorism. This includes the creation of 93 Anti-Terrorism Task Forces, each operating within a US Attorney's district, to integrate the communications and activities of local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. Additionally, the Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task Force was established to focus on preventing terrorists from entering the country and locating and removing those who already have.
The success of the Responsible Cooperators Program relies on effective diplomacy and trust-building between government officials and non-citizen informants. Encouraging information sharing requires establishing relationships, ensuring confidentiality, and providing assurances that any information provided will be acted upon. Diplomatic skills are essential in fostering these relationships and creating a safe environment for cooperation. This program highlights how diplomacy and cooperation are not just about agreements between nations but also about building bridges within diverse communities to unite against a common threat.
The program's incentives for information sharing align with broader US diplomatic efforts to secure international cooperation on counterterrorism measures. This includes working with partners such as NATO, the European Union, and other countries to enhance information exchange, coordinate counter-terrorism support, and improve resilience to terrorist attacks. By combining incentives for individuals with broader diplomatic alliances, the US demonstrates a comprehensive approach to fighting terrorism through cooperation at multiple levels.
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The US has agreements with Canada to protect borders and prevent terrorist entry
The United States and Canada have a history of diplomatic cooperation and collaboration in the fight against terrorism. Both countries share a commitment to protecting their mutual borders and preventing terrorist entry. To this end, they have implemented various measures and initiatives to strengthen their collective efforts.
One key aspect of their cooperation is the joint work on border security and law enforcement. The two countries have agreements in place that facilitate the exchange of information on visa and immigration applicants, as well as travellers crossing their shared land border. This real-time information sharing helps maintain the integrity of their immigration systems and enhances the security of both nations without causing unnecessary delays at border crossings. The US and Canada also collaborate through the co-location of officers at small and remote ports of entry, as well as through the NEXUS program, which promotes secure and lawful travel between the two countries for over 1.8 million members.
Additionally, the US and Canada have worked together to address the opioid crisis, recognising that the illegal drug trade can be a source of terrorist financing. Their joint action plan, launched in January 2020, focuses on combating opioid trafficking through enhanced law enforcement and border security cooperation. Both countries also participate in multilateral efforts, such as the G7 and the North American Drug Dialogue, to address opioid concerns.
Beyond border security, the US and Canada collaborate within multilateral groups to combat terrorist financing and money laundering. They are both members of the Five Eyes community, an intelligence alliance, and work together in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to counter terrorism. This includes participating in the development and implementation of NATO's Counter-Terrorism Policy Guidelines, which focus on awareness, capabilities, and engagement.
The two countries also work bilaterally and through the multilateral Arctic Council to address shared challenges and promote sustainable economic development. Their partnership includes a commitment to launch an expanded US-Canada Arctic Dialogue and to strengthen the implementation of the Paris Agreement to address climate change.
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The US State Department works to prevent terrorists from acquiring WMDs
The US State Department has implemented various measures and policies to prevent terrorists from acquiring weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). The Office of Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism (WMDT) leads the efforts by coordinating State Department programming and policy to globalize the fight against WMD terrorism. This involves securing commitments from international partners and denying terrorists access to weaponizable materials, expertise, equipment, and technology. The US has also launched initiatives like the Proliferation Security Initiative, the Container Security Initiative, the Megaports Initiative, and the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office to detect and disrupt the movement of WMD-related materials and improve detection capabilities.
The US State Department has also worked to strengthen international cooperation in countering terrorism. This includes forging new cooperative agreements with Canada to protect shared borders and economic prosperity. Additionally, they have created 93 Anti-Terrorism Task Forces to integrate local, state, and federal law enforcement communications and activities. The Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task Force focuses on preventing terrorists from entering the country and removing those already present. The Department of Justice's Responsible Cooperators Program offers immigration benefits to non-citizens who provide information to help apprehend terrorists or prevent terrorist attacks.
Furthermore, the US State Department has been active in the global war on terrorism, particularly against al-Qaeda and the Taliban. They have designated 39 entities as terrorist organizations and worked to cut off terrorist financing through the drug trade. The First Lady, Laura Bush, led a worldwide initiative to highlight the Taliban's oppression of women, which was a key aspect of al-Qaeda's philosophy. The US has also invoked NATO's collective defence clause (Article 5) and collaborated with the European Union to enhance information exchange, coordinate counter-terrorism support, and improve resilience to terrorist attacks.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) plays a crucial role in countering terrorism and homeland security threats. They prioritize protecting Americans from terrorism and other security threats posed by nation-states, transnational criminal organizations, and individuals. DHS focuses on detection, prevention, and response capabilities, addressing threats to schools, infrastructure, and houses of worship. They collaborate with various partners, including state and local governments, to disrupt terrorist activities and raise awareness among citizens. Additionally, DHS strengthens its detection and counter-measure capabilities to address the evolving threat landscape, including the proliferation of advanced technologies and the accessibility of biological and chemical materials on the global market.
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Frequently asked questions
States can cooperate to fight terrorists by sharing information, integrating the communication and activities of local, state, and federal law enforcement, and by working together to build counter-terrorism capacity. For example, the U.S. forged new cooperative agreements with Canada to protect their common borders. NATO also works to counter terrorism by improving awareness of the threat, developing capabilities to prepare and respond, and enhancing engagement with partner countries and other international actors.
States use diplomacy to fight terrorists by promoting stability and economic prosperity, strengthening law enforcement and judicial capabilities, expanding aviation and border security, and countering terrorist financing. The State Department also works to ensure that more countries do not obtain weapons of mass destruction and to verify that international agreements restricting such weapons are being honored.
States use foreign assistance to fight terrorists by building the capabilities necessary to prevent, degrade, detect, and respond to terrorist threats. This includes efforts to deepen global information sharing, improve crisis response, and counter violent extremism.
States use law enforcement to fight terrorists by tracking them down, arresting them, and providing immigration benefits to non-citizens who furnish information to help apprehend terrorists or stop terrorist attacks. For example, the Department of Justice arrested Mazen Al Najjar after he was ordered to be deported for violating his visa and having established ties to terrorist organizations.
